Table 1

Summary of characteristics of included studies

CharacteristicsNumber of studiesReference
Study design
Quantitative studies
Cross-sectional studies5310 11 15–18 39–43 45 46 48 50 52–55 57–59 61 63 64 66 67 69–75 78–80 87 88 92–96 99 100 103 104 108 109 111 113 114
Longitudinal studies2329–33 35–38 47 62 65 89–91 97 98 101 102 106 112
Qualitative studies1049 81–86 105 110
Mixed-method434 60 76 77
Country
UK2511 38 45 46 49 50 54 55 61 69–72 74 80 89 99–103 111–114
Australia2317 18 29 35 41–43 47 48 52 58–60 66 67 82–86 97 98 105 110
Norway2316 30 36 37 39 40 53 62 64 73 75–78 90–93 95 96 106–108
China610 15 79 87 88 109
The Netherlands431–34
Iran365 94 104
Brazil251 57
Sweden144
USA156
Croatia163
Canada181
Industry
Offshore oil and gas6410 11 15 16 36–40 45 46 49–51 53–57 61–65 69–80 85 87–96 99–104 106–109 111–114
Mining1417 30 41–43 47 58 82 84 86 97 98 105 110
Construction329 44 52
Mining and construction159
Onshore oil workers181
FIFO/DIDO535 48 66 67 83
Health outcomes
Mental health and well-being4216 18 29 30 34 35 38 41–43 48 50–52 54 58–67 69–74 76–84 87 88
Physical health
Perceived physical health and complaints1534–37 39 40 58 75 78 80 90–92 95 96
Gastric problems610 36 39 40 61 93
Musculoskeletal disorders1115 30 34 36 39 40 44 61 77 81 94
Sleep problems and fatigue3811 30–35 37 39 40 44 47 51 57 58 65 71 72 74 80 84 89 90 92–94 97–108
Lifestyle behaviours
Alcohol1417 34 35 43 47–49 54 55 67 80 84 109 110
Smoking1434 35 37 47–49 54 58 80 97 103 104 109 111
Illicit drugs243 80
Physical activity1117 35 47–49 58 80 94 109 110
Diet734 35 48 49 53 56 80
BMI2031 33 34 45–48 57 58 65 80 94 97 101 102 107 111–114
Quality rating*
High5810 11 15 16 29–36 38–43 59–64 66 67 69–73 75 78 79 81–88 90 92 93 95–97 99 100 103 105 107–109 113 114
Medium2318 37 44–49 58 65 76 77 80 89 91 94 98 101 102 104 106 110 112
Low917 50–57

  • *High: scores ≥70; medium: scores 50%–60%; low: scores <50%.

  • BMI, body mass index; DIDO, drive in drive out; FIFO, fly-in fly-out.