Primary and secondary outcomes by trial group
| HIVST intervention | SOC | Unadjusted | Adjusted | k | |||||||||
| n/N | % or rate/000 | Cluster geometric mean % | n/N | % or rate/000 | Cluster geometric mean | Risk ratio | (95% CI) | P value | Risk ratio | (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Primary trial outcome: recent HIV testing | 1626/2472 | 65.8 | 63.4 | 1452/2422 | 60.0 | 58.7 | 1.08 | (0.91 to 1.29) | 0.152 | 1.08 | (0.94 to 1.25) | 0.224 | 0.21 |
| Secondary trial outcomes | |||||||||||||
| Ever tested for HIV | 2013/2500 | 80.5 | 79.5 | 1898/2464 | 77.0 | 76.5 | 1.04 | (0.92 to 1.18) | 0.399 | 1.04 | (0.92 to 1.18) | 0.408 | 0.13 |
| HIV testing during intervention | 1348/2500 | 53.9 | 52.1 | 1287/2464 | 52.2 | 51.0 | 1.02 | (0.84 to 1.24) | 0.674 | 1.02 | (0.87 to 1.21) | 0.728 | 0.24 |
| Current ART use (% PLHIV) | 33/43 | 76.7 | 68.1 | 13/20 | 65.0 | 62.3 | 1.01 | (0.58 to 1.77) | 0.228 | 0.96 | (0.76 to 1.21) | 0.657 | – |
| ART initiation | 2826/148 541 | 19.0 | 3482/155 433 | 22.4 | 0.90 | (0.55 to 1.46) | 0.666 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Circumcised (% men not circumcised 12 months prior to interview) | 23/949 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 13/904 | 1.4 | 1.72 | 1.48 | (0.08 to 28.38) | 0.196 | 1.55 | (0.61 to 3.92) | 0.280 | 0.38 |
Missing data: 101 respondents’ missing information on recent testing; 41 respondents’ missing information on ever testing and testing during intervention.
Adjusted for age in years (16–19 years. 20–24 years., 25–29 years., 30–39 years., 40–49 years., 50–59 years., 60+ years), assets index in tertiles and pair.
Note that there were too few respondents to calculate k for current ART use.
ART model is adjusted for pair and average ART initiations per clinic before the beginning of the self-testing intervention. ART initiation was log-transformed for analysis and exponentiated OLS coefficients are reported above.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIVST, HIV self-testing; OLS, ordinary least squares; PLHIV, people living with HIV; SOC, standard of care.