| Law requires parental involvement or notification for abortion | Minor complies with law and involves parent Minor does not involve parent Minor invokes legal exception or judicial bypass
| | Henshaw SK, Kost K. Parental involvement in minors' abortion decisions. Fam Plann Perspect 1992 Sep-Oct;24(5):196–207, 213. Hasselbacher LA, Dekleva A, Tristan S, Gilliam ML. Factors influencing parental involvement among minors seeking an abortion: a qualitative study. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(11):2207–2211. Coleman-Minahan K, Stevenson AJ, Obront E, Hays S. Adolescents obtaining abortion without parental consent: Their reasons and experiences of social support. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2020;52(1):15–22.
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| Law requires spousal notification/consent for abortion | Individual notifies spouse and obtains consent Non-compliance with spousal consent Individual invokes legal exception
| | Altshuler, Nguyen et al., Male Partners' Involvement in Abortion Care: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review, Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2016 Dec; 48:209–219. Hall M, Chappell LC, Parnell BL, Seed PT, & Bewley S. Associations between intimate partner violence and termination of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine 2014;11(1):e1001581.
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| Additional authorisation (AA) required for abortion in cases of sexual assault | Pregnant individual complies with AA law and obtains authorisation Pregnant individual is denied authorisation Non-compliance with AA law
| | Maier SL.“I have heard horrible stories …": rape victim advocates' perceptions of the revictimization of rape victims by the police and medical system. Violence against women 2008; 14(7):786–808. Blake M, Drezett J, et al. Factors associated with the delay in seeking legal abortion for pregnancy resulting from rape. International Archives of Medicine 2015;8. doi:10.3823/1628.
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| Law requires a mandatory waiting period between clinical encounter and abortion | Non-compliance with waiting period Individual eligible for legal exception to waiting period Compliance with waiting period
| | Karasek, D., Roberts, S. C., & Weitz, T. A. (2016). Abortion Patients Experience and Perceptions of Waiting Periods: Survey Evidence before Arizona’s Two-visit 24-hour Mandatory Waiting Period Law. Womens Health Issues, 26(1), 60–66. doi:10.1016/j.whi.2015.10.004 Bartlett, L.A., et al., Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United States. Obstet Gynecol, 2004. 103(4): p. 729–37.
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| Law sets gestational age limits for obtaining abortion | Pregnancy deemed to exceed legal limits Pregnancy deemed within legal limits Individual eligible for legal exception to gestational limit
| | Upadhyay, U.D., Weitz, T.A., Jones, R.K., Barar, R.E., & Greene Foster, D. Denial of Abortion Because of Provider Gestational Age Limits in the United States, 104 Am J Public Health,1687–1694 (2014) Henshaw, S.K. & Finer, L. The Accessibility of Abortion Services in the United States, 2001. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Guttmacher Institute, 2003 Jan. –Feb.; 35(1): 16–24.
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| Law limits the types of healthcare professionals authorised to perform abortions | | | Grimes DA. Clinicians who provide abortions: the thinning ranks. Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Oct;80(4):719–23. PMID: 1 407 901. Joffe C, Yanow S. Advanced practice clinicians as abortion providers: current developments in the United States. Reprod Health Matters. 2004;12(Suppl):198–206. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(04)24008-.
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| Law criminalises some or all abortions | Availability and accessibility of abortion services Changes in health workforce training and services infrastructure Arrest and prosecution of individuals obtaining abortion outside formal health system
| Lawful abortion Legally prohibited abortion Delayed abortion Increased costs Unintended childbirth Increased abortion stigma Harm to the confidentiality of patient-provider relationships
| Baum, S., DePiñeres, T., & Grossman, D. (2015). Delays and barriers to care in Colombia among women obtaining legal first- and second-trimester abortion. International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics, 131(3), 285–288. Hanschmidt, F., Linde, K., Hilbert, A., Riedel-Heller, S. G., & Kersting, A. (2016). Abortion Stigma: A Systematic Review. Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health, 48(4), 169–177.
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| Law allows medical provider or facility to refuse to perform an abortion due to conscientious objection | Availability and accessibility of abortion services Changes in health workforce training and services infrastructure Provider referral behaviour
| | Awoonor-Williams, J. K., Baffoe, P., Aboba, M., Ayivor, P., Nartey, H., Felker, B., Van der Tak, D., & Biney, A. (2020). Exploring Conscientious Objection to Abortion Among Health Providers in Ghana. International perspectives on sexual and reproductive health, 46, 51–59. Turner, K. L., Pearson, E., George, A., & Andersen, K. L. (2018). Values clarification workshops to improve abortion knowledge, attitudes and intentions: a pre-post assessment in 12 countries. Reproductive health, 15(1), 40.
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