Table 5

Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the verbal autopsy, clinical and minimally invasive autopsy diagnosis for malaria-specific deaths and for all deaths probably associated with malaria (malaria specific deaths plus patients with any evidence of malaria infection at autopsy and with severe anaemia)

SensitivitySpecificityPositive predictive valueNegative predictive value
Malaria-specific deaths
 Verbal autopsy33.3% (4.3 to 77.7)96.1% (93.0 to 98.1)16.7% (2.1 to 48.4)98.4% (96.0 to 99.6)
 Clinical diagnosis66.7% (22.3 to 95.7)96.1% (93.0 to 98.1)28.6% (8.4 to 58.1)99.2% (97.1 to 99.9)
 Minimally invasive autopsy100% (54.1 to 100)100% (98.6 to 100)100% (54.1 to 100)100% (98.6 to 100)
Deaths probably associated with malaria
 Verbal autopsy30.8% (9.1 to 61.4)96.8% (93.8 to 98.6)33.3% (9.9 to 65.1)96.4% (93.3 to 98.4)
 Clinical diagnosis38.5% (13.9 to 65.4)96.4% (93.3 to 98.3)35.7% (12.8 to 64.9)96.8% (93.8 to 98.6)
 Minimally invasive autopsy76.9% (46.2 to 95.0)100% (98.5 to 100)100% (69.2 to 100)98.8% (96.6 to 99.8)
  • The figures in parenthesis indicate 95% CIs.