Baseline and endline values for infection prevention and control measures of primary healthcare facilities in eight countries (significant differences are noted in bold font)*
| Indicator, country (n, number of health facilities) | Baseline value, % (95% CI) | Endline value, % (95% CI) | Difference, % (95% CI) |
| Functional handwashing stations or ABHR available and usable at each point of care | |||
| Angola (n=28) | 96.3 (89.2 to 103.4) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 3.7 (–3.4 to 10.8) |
| Eswatini (n=30) | 96.7 (90.2 to 103.1) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 3.3 (–3.1 to 9.8) |
| Lesotho (n=21) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 100.0 (100.0 o 100.0) | 0 |
| Liberia† (n=74) | 77.0 (67.4 to 86.6) | 95.9 (91.5 to 100.4) | 18.9 (8.3 to 29.5) |
| Malawi (n=41) | 87.8 (77.8 to 97.8) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 12.2 (2.2 to 22.2) |
| Nigeria‡ (n=1281) | 74.8 (72.4 to 77.2) | 76.9 (74.7 to 79.2) | 2.2 (–1.1 to 5.4) |
| South Sudan (n=19) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 0 |
| Uganda (n=521) | 91.0 (88.5 to 93.4) | 98.5 (97.4 to 99.5) | 7.4 (4.8 to 10.2) |
| All facilities (n=2015) | 80.4 (78.7 to 82.2) | 84.6 (83.0 to 86.2) | 4.2 (1.8 to 6.5) |
| ABHR available at time of site visit§ | |||
| Angola (n=30) | 76.7 (61.5 to 91.8) | 66.7 (49.8 to 83.5) | –10.0 (–32.7 to 12.7) |
| Eswatini (n=32) | 81.3 (67.7 to 94.8) | 84.4 (71.8 to 97.0) | 3.1 (–15.3 to 21.6) |
| Lesotho (n=21) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 0 |
| Liberia (n=74) | 20.3 (11.1 to 29.4) | 78.4 (69.0 to 87.8) | 58.1 (45.0 to 71.2) |
| Malawi (n=42) | 46.3 (31.1 to 61.6) | 61.0 (46.0 to 75.9) | 14.6 (–6.7 to 36.0) |
| Nigeria (n=1281) | 75.8 (73.4 to 78.1) | 79.5 (77.3 to 81.7) | 3.7 (5.2 to 6.9) |
| All facilities (n=1480) | 72.7 (70.4 to 75.0) | 79.1 (77.0 to 81.1) | 6.4 (3.4 to 9.4) |
| Medical/surgical masks available at time of site visit§ | |||
| Angola (n=30) | 80.0 (65.7 to 94.3) | 90.0 (79.3 to 100.7) | 10.0 (–7.8 to 27.9) |
| Eswatini (n=32) | 39.4 (42.4 to 76.4) | 96.9 (90.8 to 102.9) | 37.5 (19.4 to 55.6) |
| Lesotho (n=21) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 90.5 (77.9 to 103.0) | –9.5 (–22.1 to 3.0) |
| Liberia (n=74) | 81.1 (72.2 to 90.0) | 89.2 (82.1 to 96.3) | 8.1 (–3.3 to 19.5) |
| Malawi (n=41) | 65.9 (51.3 to 80.4) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 34.1 (19.6 to 48.7) |
| Nigeria (n=1281) | 43.3 (40.6 to 46.0) | 33.3 (30.7 to 35.8) | –10.1 (–13.8 to –6.4) |
| All facilities (n=1479) | 48.0 (45.5 to 50.6) | 41.0 (38.6 to 43.5) | –7.0 (–10.5 to –3.4) |
| Eye protection (face shields or goggles) available at time of site visit§ | |||
| Angola (n=30) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 37.5 (4.0 to 71.0) | 37.5 (4.0 to 71.0) |
| Eswatini (n=32) | 75.0 (60.0 to 90.0) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 25.0 (10.0 to 40.0) |
| Lesotho (n=21) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 0 |
| Liberia (n=74) | 83.8 (75.4 to 92.2) | 89.2 (82.1 to 96.3) | 5.4 (–5.5 to 16.4) |
| Malawi (n=36) | 38.9 (23.0 to 54.8) | 66.7 (51.3 to 82.1) | 27.8 (5.6 to 49.9) |
| Nigeria (n=1281) | 11.4 (9.7 to 13.3) | 8.0 (6.5 to 9.5) | –3.4 (–5.7 to –1.1) |
| All facilities excluding Nigeria (n=193) | 18.4 (16.4 to 20.4) | 16.9 (15.0 to 18.8) | –1.5 (–4.3 to 1.2) |
| Required cleaning supplies available at time of site visit¶ | |||
| Angola (n=30) | 73.3 (57.5 to 89.2) | 83.3 (70.0 to 96.7) | 10.0 (–10.7 to 30.7) |
| Eswatini (n=31) | 93.3 (84.4 to 102.2) | 96.7 (90.2 to 103.1) | 3.3 (–7.6 to 14.3) |
| Lesotho (n=21) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 0 |
| Malawi (n=42) | 78.6 (66.2 to 91.0) | 81.0 (69.1 to 92.8) | 2.4 (–14.8 to 19.6) |
| Nigeria (n=1281) | 11.4 (10.0 to 13.1) | 7.5 (6.1 to 8.9) | –3.9 (–6.2 to –1.7) |
| South Sudan (n=19) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 0 |
| Uganda (n=521) | 91.0 (88.5 to 93.4) | 96.2 (94.5 to 97.8) | 5.2 (2.2 to 8.1) |
| All facilities (n=1945) | 38.2 (36.1 to 40.4) | 36.7 (34.5 to 38.8) | –1.6 (–4.6 to 1.5) |
| Frequently touched surfaces of consultation/examination areas are cleaned and disinfected at least two times per day | |||
| Angola (n=30) | 70.0 (53.6 to 86.4) | 93.3 (84.4 to 102.3) | 23.3 (4.7 to 42.0) |
| Eswatini (n=30) | 70.0 (53.6 to 86.4) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 30.0 (13.6 to 46.4) |
| Lesotho (n=21) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 100.0 (100.0 to 100.0) | 0 |
| Liberia (n=74) | 31.1 (20.5 to 41.6) | 95.9 (91.5 to 100.4) | 64.9 (53.4 to 76.3) |
| Malawi (n=42) | 71.4 (57.8 to 85.1) | 92.9 (85.1 to 100.6) | 21.4 (5.7 to 37.2) |
| Nigeria (n=1281) | 61.8 (59.2 to 64.5) | 68.1 (65.6 to 70.6) | 6.3 (2.6 to 9.9) |
| Uganda (n=521) | 55.1 (50.8 to 59.4) | 86.0 (83.0 to 89.0) | 30.9 (25.7 to 36.1) |
| All facilities (n=1999) | 59.8 (57.6 to 61.9) | 75.4 (73.5 to 77.2) | 15.6 (12.7 to 18.4) |
*Not every country reported on each indicator, and even within countries, not every health facility reported on each indicator.
†The indicator was availability of hand hygiene stations at all points of care.
‡The indicator was availability of functional handwashing stations.
§Values recoded to binary based on different forms of country reporting; availability at the time of visit of >0 items coded as 1.
¶Buckets, mops, cleaning cloths and disinfectant solution (eg, bleach) all available.
ABHR, alcohol-based hand rub.