Country | Investments | Technical and digital capacities |
Turkey | High costs imposed on stakeholders; however, not investing meant no sales, providing sufficient incentive to invest.43 | |
Ethiopia | One of the lowest smartphone ownership rates globally hampered adoption.27 | |
Germany | Minimal investments required.30 | Existing healthcare IT was fragmented, but this was well managed thanks to the adjustability of the system.30 |
Hong Kong | Investments were required, but the effectiveness of the investment was unclear. Implementation was costly, time-consuming and difficult.31 | Current technical settings hampered the adoption of technologies.45 |
Iran | Current ICT structures were insufficient for the application of PTTS technologies.33 | |
Pakistan | The lack of digital inventory management was a key barrier.27 | |
Poland | The proposed implementation required significant investments.34 | Pharmacies were not supported by electronic necessities.34 |
Taiwan | High initial investments were the key barrier to implementation, especially since the eventual benefits were hard to envision.35 | |
UK | Supply chain actors were expected to invest much time and workforce resources.36 | Hospitals did not have all technical prerequisites, and hospitals in rural areas might experience problems with their internet connection.36 |
USA | Investments in terms of finances and staff necessary to implement PTTSs were extensive, and supply chain actors were hesitant of investing.40 | Most PTTSs were not interoperable with existing computer systems used by supply chain actors.40 |
ICT, information and communications technology; IT, information technology; PTTS, pharmaceutical track-and-trace system.