Political contextual factors identified affecting PTTSs; no data were retrieved for Ethiopia, Hong Kong, Pakistan, Taiwan and the UK
| Country | Government support | Legislation and regulation |
| Turkey | Governmental support and action, thanks to a political sense of urgency because of widespread reimbursement fraud.9 | Legislation and regulation were well defined.9 |
| Denmark | Legislation was becoming increasingly extensive and complex.29 | |
| Germany | Specific legislation and increased requirements of drug safety. Pharmaceutical companies that did not comply face fines and charges.30 | |
| India | Government started to realise the extent of the problem32… | … resulting in more extensive regulation.32 |
| Iran | A general lack of concern about the topic.33 | Little regulation was in place.33 |
| Poland | Requirements mainly regarding banning the marketing of SFMP.34 | |
| USA | The government was aware of the SFMP problem and recommended measures,37 but the use of PTTS had not been mandated.42 | A framework for the guidance of PTTS efforts had been released, but states were developing their own laws.38 The standards were often inconsistent among states, which may impede the adoption of PTTSs across the national supply chain.39 |
PTTS, pharmaceutical track-and-trace system; SFMP, substandard and falsified medical product.