Table 5

Subgroup analysis by remoteness: effect of intervention on time spent collecting water, quantity of water collected, quality of water source and quality of sanitation facility

OutcomeRemotenessControlInterventionITT95% CI
NMeanNMean
Time to collect water (min)Less remote41678.529249.8−25.0(−48.3 to −1.7)
More remote31663.528874.423.5(−2.5 to 49.5)
Improved water sourceLess remote4160.62920.890.11(0.01 to 0.21)
More remote3160.22880.780.58(0.45 to 0.71)
Quantity of water collected (litres)Less remote41640.929249.94.4(−5.7 to 14.4)
More remote31632.228833.10.5(−5.7 to 6.7)
Improved sanitation facilityLess remote4160.22920.470.22(0.08 to 0.37)
More remote3160.12880.440.30(0.13 to 0.47)
  • The model includes controls for randomisation blocks based on province and number of villages per cluster. There were 121 clusters in total. Time spent collecting water and total quantity of water collected were Winsorised at the 99th percentile. More remote = above median travel time to territory capital (median=420 min). Less remote = equal to or below median travel time to territory capital.

  • ITT, intention-to-treat effect estimate.