Summary of study outcomes included in review. Findings are unadjusted as presented in the paper and CIs are only included where reported. Effect sizes presented are mean change in outcome
| Change in effect | Psychological distress and depressive symptoms | Psychological well-being | Social/behavioural functioning | |
| Angeles et al46 | Improved | Depressive symptoms (−2.05, p<0.01) and depressive symptoms (−0.15, p<0.01) | ||
| Baird et al45— Conditional | Improved (psychological distress) | Reduction psychological distress (−0.07, SE=0.03, p<0.05) | ||
| Baird et al45—Unconditional | Improved (psychological distress) | Reduction in psychological distress (−0.14, SE=0.05, p<0.01) | ||
| Fernald and Gunnar43 | Improved | Effect on salivary cortisol (−0.12, 95% CI: −0.19 to –0.05; p<0.0001) | ||
| Filmer and Schady52 | Improved | Effect onpsychological distress (0.03, SE: 0.01, p<0.01) | ||
| Kilburn et al40 | Improved | Effect on depressive symptoms (0.79, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.99; p<0.01) | ||
| Kilburn et al51 | Not improved (depressive symptoms) Improved (power in sexual relationships and hopefulness) in poorest women | No effect on depressive symptoms (−0.02, SE: 0.03, p>0.05) | Effect on sexual relationship power scores (0.28, SE=0.10, p<0.01), greater hope (0.14, SE: 0.07, p<0.05) in poorest women | |
| Macours et al50 | Improved (socio-emotional functioning) Not improved (behavioural problems) | Effect of intervention on socio-personal outcomes (0.10, SE: 0.05, p<0.01) No effect on behavioural problems (−0.02, SE: 0.06, p>0.05) | ||
| Özler et al48 | Not improved | No effect on psychosocial outcomes (0.24, SE: 0.64, p>0.05) | ||
| Ozer et al42 | Not improved (anxiety/ depressive symptoms or total effects) Improved (aggressive/ oppositional problems) | No effect on anxiety/depressive symptoms (−0.29, 95% CI: −0.70 to 0.13; p=0.18) or total symptoms (−0.71, 95% CI: −1.42 to 0.01; p=0.05) | Effect on aggressive/oppositional problems (−0.42, 95% CI: −0.80 to −0.04; p=0.03) | |
| Paxson and Schady49 | Not improved | No effect on behavioural problems (0.11, SE: 0.06, p>0.05) | ||
| Shangani et al47 | Not improved (depressive symptoms) Improved (PTSS, anxiety and future outlook) | Effect on anxiety (0.57, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.78; p<0.001), and PTSS (0.50, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.89; p<0.01). No effect on depressive symptoms (0.77, 95% CI: 0.47 to −1.27, p>0.05) | Effect on positive future outlook (1.47, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.99; p<0.01) | |
| Tozan et al39 | Not improved (depressive symptoms) Improved (self-concept, self-efficacy and hopelessness) | Effect on depressive symptoms (−0.14, 95% CI: −0.32 to 0.03; p=0.10) | Effect on self-concept (0.26, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.44; p<0.05), self-efficacy (0.26, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.43; p<0.01) and hopelessness (−0.28, 95% CI: −0.43 to −0.12; p<0.05) |