Summary of study outcomes included in review. Findings are unadjusted as presented in the paper and CIs are only included where reported. Effect sizes presented are mean change in outcome
Change in effect | Psychological distress and depressive symptoms | Psychological well-being | Social/behavioural functioning | |
Angeles et al46 | Improved | Depressive symptoms (−2.05, p<0.01) and depressive symptoms (−0.15, p<0.01) | ||
Baird et al45— Conditional | Improved (psychological distress) | Reduction psychological distress (−0.07, SE=0.03, p<0.05) | ||
Baird et al45—Unconditional | Improved (psychological distress) | Reduction in psychological distress (−0.14, SE=0.05, p<0.01) | ||
Fernald and Gunnar43 | Improved | Effect on salivary cortisol (−0.12, 95% CI: −0.19 to –0.05; p<0.0001) | ||
Filmer and Schady52 | Improved | Effect onpsychological distress (0.03, SE: 0.01, p<0.01) | ||
Kilburn et al40 | Improved | Effect on depressive symptoms (0.79, 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.99; p<0.01) | ||
Kilburn et al51 | Not improved (depressive symptoms) Improved (power in sexual relationships and hopefulness) in poorest women | No effect on depressive symptoms (−0.02, SE: 0.03, p>0.05) | Effect on sexual relationship power scores (0.28, SE=0.10, p<0.01), greater hope (0.14, SE: 0.07, p<0.05) in poorest women | |
Macours et al50 | Improved (socio-emotional functioning) Not improved (behavioural problems) | Effect of intervention on socio-personal outcomes (0.10, SE: 0.05, p<0.01) No effect on behavioural problems (−0.02, SE: 0.06, p>0.05) | ||
Özler et al48 | Not improved | No effect on psychosocial outcomes (0.24, SE: 0.64, p>0.05) | ||
Ozer et al42 | Not improved (anxiety/ depressive symptoms or total effects) Improved (aggressive/ oppositional problems) | No effect on anxiety/depressive symptoms (−0.29, 95% CI: −0.70 to 0.13; p=0.18) or total symptoms (−0.71, 95% CI: −1.42 to 0.01; p=0.05) | Effect on aggressive/oppositional problems (−0.42, 95% CI: −0.80 to −0.04; p=0.03) | |
Paxson and Schady49 | Not improved | No effect on behavioural problems (0.11, SE: 0.06, p>0.05) | ||
Shangani et al47 | Not improved (depressive symptoms) Improved (PTSS, anxiety and future outlook) | Effect on anxiety (0.57, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.78; p<0.001), and PTSS (0.50, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.89; p<0.01). No effect on depressive symptoms (0.77, 95% CI: 0.47 to −1.27, p>0.05) | Effect on positive future outlook (1.47, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.99; p<0.01) | |
Tozan et al39 | Not improved (depressive symptoms) Improved (self-concept, self-efficacy and hopelessness) | Effect on depressive symptoms (−0.14, 95% CI: −0.32 to 0.03; p=0.10) | Effect on self-concept (0.26, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.44; p<0.05), self-efficacy (0.26, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.43; p<0.01) and hopelessness (−0.28, 95% CI: −0.43 to −0.12; p<0.05) |