Comparison of DREAMS secondary outcomes between the two DREAMS cities and the four non-DREAMS comparison towns, 2019
| DREAMS cities | Non-DREAMS towns | DREAMS vs non-DREAMS | ||||
| (N=538) | (N=481) | Age-adjusted | Fully adjusted* | |||
| n/N (%) | n/N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Improved access to clinical services and HIV prevention services | ||||||
| Knowledge of HIV status | ||||||
| No | 119/538 (22.1) | 118/481 (24.5) | ||||
| Yes | 419/538 (77.9) | 363/481 (75.5) | 1.15 (0.86 to 1.54) | 0.358 | 1.22 (0.90 to 1.66) | 0.197 |
| Ever taken PrEP | ||||||
| No | 378/538 (71.9) | 478/481 (99.4) | ||||
| Yes | 151/538 (28.1) | 3/481 (0.6) | 62.22 (19.69 to 196.62) | <0.001 | 63.82 (19.78 to 205.90) | <0.001 |
| Ability to negotiate condom use with any partner | ||||||
| No | 40/538 (7.4) | 91/480 (19.0) | ||||
| Yes | 498/538 (92.6) | 389/480 (81.0) | 2.92 (1.97 to 4.34) | <0.001 | 3.39 (2.24 to 5.14) | <0.001 |
| Knowledge of the HIV status of at least one of their three most recent partners | ||||||
| No | 179/528 (33.9) | 210/474 (44.3) | ||||
| Yes | 349/528 (66.1) | 264/474 (55.7) | 1.55 (1.20 to 2.00) | 0.001 | 1.38 (1.06 to 1.81) | 0.018 |
| Condom-less sex with regular partner in the past month | ||||||
| No | 275/536 (51.3) | 199/478 (41.6) | ||||
| Yes | 261/536 (48.7) | 294/478 (58.4) | 0.68 (0.53 to 0.87) | 0.002 | 0.72 (0.53 to 0.98) | 0.034 |
| Condom-less sex with client in the past month | ||||||
| No | 475/535 (88.8) | 396/478 (82.8) | ||||
| Yes | 60/535 (11.2) | 82/478 (17.2) | 0.61 (0.43 to 0.87) | 0.007 | 0.58 (0.38 to 0.89) | 0.013 |
| Accessed STI treatment services in the past 12 months† | ||||||
| No | 7/74 (9.5) | 18/93 (19.4) | ||||
| Yes | 67/74 (90.5) | 75/93 (80.6) | 2.36 (0.92 to 6.03) | 0.073 | – | – |
| Improved coverage of social and economic protection service | ||||||
| Food insecurity | ||||||
| No | 367/538 (68.2) | 295/479 (61.6) | ||||
| Yes | 171/538 (31.8) | 184/479 (38.4) | 0.75 (0.58 to 0.97) | 0.027 | 0.81 (0.61 to 1.07) | 0.130 |
| Selling sex is the main way to support myself | ||||||
| No | 196/538 (36.4) | 159/479 (33.2) | ||||
| Yes | 342/538 (63.6) | 320/479 (66.8) | 0.87 (0.67 to 1.13) | 0.284 | 0.93 (0.71 to 1.22) | 0.585 |
| Ever been unable to decline sex in the past month | ||||||
| Never/not in the past month | 257/534 (48.1) | 236/474 (49.8) | ||||
| At least once in the past month | 277/534 (51.9) | 238/474 (50.2) | 1.07 (0.83 to 1.37) | 0.595 | 1.05 (0.81 to 1.36) | 0.689 |
| Number of sex work clients in the past month | ||||||
| ≤3 | 283/537 (52.7) | 203/468 (43.4) | ||||
| >3 | 254/537 (47.3) | 265/468 (56.6) | 0.68 (0.53 to 0.88) | 0.003 | 0.66 (0.50 to 0.87) | 0.003 |
| Gender-based violence prevention, and care and support services | ||||||
| Experience of violence from partners in the past 12 months | ||||||
| No | 434/538 (80.7) | 345/481 (71.7) | ||||
| Yes | 104/538 (19.3) | 136/481 (28.3) | 0.61 (0.45 to 0.81) | 0.001 | 0.64 (0.47 to 0.87) | 0.005 |
| Experience of violence from police in the past 12 months | ||||||
| No | 531/538 (98.7) | 473/479 (98.7) | ||||
| Yes | 7/538 (1.3) | 6/479 (1.3) | 1.04 (0.35 to 3.11) | 0.070 | 1.01 (0.32 to 3.16) | 0.982 |
Bold values highlight significant results.
*Adjusted for age, highest level of education attained, marital status, self-identification as female sex workers (measured at baseline), and for each respective secondary outcome measured at enrolment.
†Adjusted OR and 95% CI could not be estimated using logistic regression due to sparse data.
DREAMS, Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis; STI, sexually transmitted infection.