Received antibiotic for ARI episode | ||||
uOR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Mother age (year)* | ||||
15–19 (ref) | 1 | |||
20–24 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 0.988 | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.732 |
25–29 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.5) | 0.777 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.789 |
30–34 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9) | 0.432 | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.7) | 0.829 |
35–39 | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.3) | 0.364 | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.9) | 0.959 |
40–44 | 1.9 (0.8 to 4.6) | 0.177 | 2.0 (0.7 to 5.8) | 0.218 |
45–49 | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.1) | 0.727 | 1.0 (0.3 to 3.9) | 0.960 |
Age of father (year)† | ||||
≤24 | 1 | |||
25–29 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.5) | 0.682 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2) | 0.203 |
30–34 | 1 (0.6 to 1.5) | 0.855 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | 0.353 |
35–39 | 1.2 (0.8 to 2) | 0.381 | 1 (0.6 to 1.7) | 0.928 |
40–44 | 1 (0.6 to 1.7) | 0.952 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.4) | 0.352 |
45–49 | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.1) | 0.221 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) | 0.675 |
50–54 | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.7) | 0.701 | 0.8 (0.3 to 2) | 0.617 |
≥55 | 1.9 (0.9 to 3.7) | 0.07 | 1.6 (0.7 to 3.7) | 0.251 |
Age of child (month)‡ | ||||
<6(ref) | 1 | |||
6–11 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) | 0.428 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) | 0.531 |
12–23 | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.8) | 0.841 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.9) | 0.661 |
24–35 | 1.1 (0.7 to 2.0) | 0.662 | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.3) | 0.352 |
36–47 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.2) | 0.276 | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.4) | 0.189 |
48–59 | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.1) | 0.414 | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.2) | 0.161 |
Sex§ | ||||
Female(ref) | 1 | |||
Male | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.425 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.756 |
Type of place of residence¶ | ||||
Urban (ref) | 1 | |||
Rural | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0) | 0.005 | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.1) | 0.004 |
Divisions** | ||||
Barisal (ref) | 1 | |||
Chittagong | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) | 0.161 | 0.6 (0.4 to 1.0) | 0.055 |
Dhaka | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | 0.528 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.621 |
Khulna | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.220 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2) | 0.161 |
Rajshahi | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.657 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.250 |
Rangpur | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 0.961 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2) | 0.188 |
Sylhet | 1.5 (0.8 to 2.6) | 0.205 | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.2) | 0.438 |
Wealth quintile†† | ||||
Poorest (ref) | 1 | |||
Poorer | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 0.793 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 0.556 |
Middle | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 0.900 | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7) | 0.869 |
Richer | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.2) | 0.269 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.3) | 0.629 |
Richest | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) | 0.187 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) | 0.341 |
Father education‡‡ | ||||
No education(ref) | 1 | |||
Primary | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.9) | 0.558 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8) | 0.597 |
Secondary | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.705 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.793 |
Higher | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.536 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.675 |
Father occupation§§ | ||||
Agriculture (ref) | 1 | |||
Unskilled and semiskilled worker | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.603 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 0.978 |
Professional work | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.4) | 0.625 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.855 |
Businessmen | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.733 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.6) | 0.835 |
Other | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.3) | 0.230 | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.0) | 0.987 |
Mother education¶¶ | ||||
No education (ref) | 1 | |||
Primary | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 0.807 | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6) | 0.988 |
Secondary | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.791 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.5) | 0.816 |
Higher | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.628 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.7) | 0.767 |
Mother occupation*** | ||||
Not working (ref) | 1 | |||
Working | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 0.902 | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.2) | 0.608 |
Child nutrition status | ||||
Stunted††† | ||||
Well nourished (ref) | 1 | |||
Moderate | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 0.576 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 0.428 |
Severe | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.753 | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.5) | 0.898 |
Wasted‡‡‡ | ||||
Well nourished (ref) | 1 | |||
Moderate | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 0.654 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 0.838 |
Severe | 0.5 (0.2 to 0.9) | 0.024 | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.0) | 0.037 |
Underweight§§§ | ||||
Well nourished (ref) | 1 | |||
Moderate | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) | 0.785 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 0.596 |
Severe | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 0.672 | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.0) | 0.886 |
Drug prescriber | ||||
Healthcare professional /worker¶¶¶ | ||||
No (ref) | 1 | |||
Yes | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.3) | 0.649 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.4) | 0.756 |
Unqualified/traditional practitioner**** | ||||
No (ref) | 1 | |||
Yes | 1.4 (1.0 to 1.8) | 0.022 | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) | 0.083 |
Drug sources | ||||
Public sector†††† | ||||
No (ref) | 1 | |||
Yes | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 0.176 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9) | 0.344 |
NGO sector‡‡‡‡ | ||||
No (ref) | 1 | |||
Yes | 2.4 (0.7 to 7.8) | 0.159 | 2.1 (0.7 to 6.1) | 0.188 |
Private sector§§§§ | ||||
No (ref) | 1 | |||
Yes | 1.3 (1.0 to 1.8) | 0.056 | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7) | <0.001 |
Others¶¶¶¶ | ||||
No (ref) | 1 | |||
Yes | 5.4 (2.8 to 10.4) | <0.001 | 5.3 (2.7 to 10.4) | <0.001 |
Bolded Values indicate statistical significance where the p-value is <0.05.
*Adjusted for wasted, unqualified practitioner, other sector, age of child, place of residence.
†Adjusted for wasted, unqualified practitioner, other sector, age of child, place of residence.
‡Adjusted for wasted, healthcare professional, unqualified practitioner, other sector.
§Adjusted for wasted, unqualified practitioner, other sector, age of child, place of residence.
¶Adjusted for wasted, other sector, age of child.
**Adjusted for wasted, unqualified practitioner, private medical sector, other sector, place of residence.
††Adjusted for wasted, unqualified practitioner, private medical sector, other sector, place of residence.
‡‡Adjusted for wasted, age of child, unqualified practitioner, other sector, place of residence.
§§Adjusted for wasted, age of child, unqualified practitioner, other sector, place of residence.
¶¶Adjusted for wasted, age of child, unqualifiedpractitioner, other sector, place of residence.
***Adjusted for wasted, age of child, unqualified practitioner, other sector, place of residence.
†††Adjusted for wasted, unqualified practitioner, other sector, place of residence.
‡‡‡Adjusted for unqualified practitioner, other sector, place of residence.
§§§Adjusted for wasted unqualified practitioner, other sector, place of residence.
¶¶¶Adjusted for public sector, other sector, place of residence.
****Adjusted for public sector, other sector, place of residence.
††††Adjusted for wasted, unqualified practitioner, place of residence.
‡‡‡‡Adjusted for wasted, unqualified practitioner, place of residence.
§§§§Adjusted for wasted, unqualified practitioner, place of residence.
¶¶¶¶Adjusted for wasted, place of residence.
aOR, adjusted OR; ARI, acute respiratory infection; NGO, non-governmental organisation; uOR, unadjusted OR.