2003 | 2008 | 2013 | |
Households | |||
N | 3 807* | 33 958 | 43 478 |
Average household size | 3.8 | 3.3 | 3.0 |
Highest education of all family members (%) | |||
None and primary | 41.8 | 34.2 | 33.5 |
Secondary | 56.7 | 63.6 | 61.5 |
College and above | 1.6 | 2.1 | 4.9 |
With member over age 60 years (%) | 34.0 | 34.2 | 40.2 |
With member below 5 years (%) | 16.2 | 16.4 | 16.3 |
Any member has chronic disease (%) | 36.4 | 35.6 | 42.1 |
Any member use inpatient medical services†(%) | 7.4 | 13.2 | 17.6 |
% households living within 20 min distance from the nearest health facility (%) | 84.1 | 84.6 | 88.6 |
Annual household income (US$)‡ | 1336.5 | 2016.4 | 3495.3 |
Annual household out-of-pocket medical expenditure (US$) | 97.7 | 181.0 | 308.2 |
Individuals | |||
N(individual) | 16 950 | 121 870 | 141 513 |
Gender | |||
Male (%) | 49.5 | 49.9 | 49.6 |
Age (mean) | 34.7 | 36.7 | 39.4 |
Education (%) | |||
None and primary | 64.4 | 51.4 | 47.5 |
Secondary | 35.0 | 47.7 | 50.0 |
College and above | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.5 |
Annual per capita income (US$) | 352 | 611 | 1 165 |
All parameters changed significantly from 2003 to 2008 and 2013 (p<0.001) except for gender composition.
*NCMS pilot started in only four provinces in 2003, whereas in 2008 and 2013, NCMS achieved over 95% coverage in rural China, therefore number enrolled was lower than in 2008 and 2013.
†inpatient service utilisation excludes in-hospital baby delivery.
‡income was CPI-adjusted with reference to 2003; US$1=¥8.2 in 2003; US$1=¥6.90 in 2008; US$1=¥6.18 in 2013.
NCMS, New Cooperative Medical Scheme.