The factors associated with child survival and thematic groups as used in the current analysis
| Group | ID | Variable |
| Environmental factors | 1 | Rural residency |
| 2 | Precipitation | |
| 3* | Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) | |
| Maternal factors | 4 | Maternal education |
| 5 | Maternal literacy | |
| 6 | Female headed households | |
| 7 | Short birth spacing | |
| 8 | Use of modern contraceptives | |
| 9 | High parity | |
| Child factors | 10 | Underweight |
| 11 | Wasted | |
| 12 | Stunted | |
| 13 | Breast fed within the first hour of birth | |
| 14 | Exclusive breast feeding | |
| 15 | Continued breast feeding | |
| 16 | Low birth weight (LBW) | |
| Household factors | 17 | Poor household |
| 18 | Improved sanitation | |
| 19 | Access to any form of a toilet | |
| 10 | Improved water | |
| 21 | Access to wells, borehole and piped water | |
| Infections | 22 | HIV infection prevalence |
| 23 | Malaria infection prevalence | |
| Healthcare utilisation | 24 | At least one antenatal care visit (ANC1) |
| 25 | At least four antenatal care visits (ANC4) | |
| 26 | Skilled birth attendance (SBA) | |
| 27 | Health facility deliveries (HFD) | |
| 28 | Diarrhoea treatment-seeking | |
| 29 | Fever/cough treatment-seeking | |
| Child health interventions | 30 | BCG |
| 31 | Three diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis vaccinations (DPT3) | |
| 32 | Three doses of polio (Polio3) | |
| 33 | Measles | |
| 34 | Fully immunised | |
| 35 | Oral rehydration salts (ORS use) | |
| 36* | Vitamin A-children | |
| 37* | Insecticide treated bed nets (ITN) use by children | |
| 38* | Recommended antimalarial use | |
| Maternal health interventions | 39 | Tetanus toxoid injection |
| 40* | Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp 1) | |
| 41* | IPTp 2 | |
| 42* | Iron supplement | |
| 43* | Vitamin A-mothers |
The definitions and respective data sources of factors are shown in online supplemental file 2.
*2003 is the baseline year because the corresponding factors were either not monitored or had not been rolled out.