Nutrition intervention barriers and facilitators
| Themes | Specific examples | Countries | Interventions | |
| Barriers | Insufficient coordination | Limited inter-cluster coordination88 102 106 108 Lack of cross border cooperation67 | Kenya,106 Somalia,88 South Sudan,102 Tanzania,67 Uganda108 | Nutrition assessment,67 88 102 108 breast feeding and appropriate IYCF,67 88 disease prevention and management,67 108 micronutrient supplementation,108 general food distribution,106 SAM/MAM treatment,102 supplementary feeding102 |
| Insufficient resources | Inadequate/irregular supplies of commodities39 41 48 49 77 82 83 98 101 112 Logistical constraints29 79 99 100 112 Limited human resources83 89 Limited funding42 51 54 60 78 91 95 | Burundi,48 Somalia,39 Jordan,41 51 79 95 Syria,41 42 101 Sri Lanka,49 Bosnia and Herzegovina,54 77 Lebanon,82 83 91 99 100 Yemen,89 South Sudan,98 112 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC),29 Uganda,60 Palestine78 | Nutrition assessment,29 49 51 77 79 83 100 101 breastfeeding and appropriate IYCF,48 49 78 98 disease prevention and management,29 39 49 100 micronutrient supplementation,49 83 general food distribution,29 41 42 54 77 82 91 95 112 SAM/MAM treatment,49 60 79 83 89 100 101 supplementary feeding,49 79 83 89 99 101 nutrition education83 89 98 99 101 | |
| Ongoing conflict situation | Security and access concerns29 41 60 80 84 89–91 94 101 102 | Lebanon,91 South Sudan,102 Yemen,89 Afghanistan,84 Syria,101 Jordan,41 80 DRC,29 Uganda,60 Colombia94 | Nutrition assessment,29 84 101 102 breastfeeding and appropriate IYCF,80 disease prevention and management,29 micronutrient supplementation,101 general food distribution,29 41 91 94 SAM/MAM treatment,60 80 89 101 102 supplementary feeding,89 101 102 nutrition education80 89 101 | |
| Limited population adherence | Limited cooperation from beneficiaries63 80 86 92 93 107 110 111 Population movement76 102 Gender bias or negative socio-cultural practices93 | South Sudan,102 Jordan,80 92 Lebanon,86 110 DRC,76 102 Somalia,93 Burundi,76 Liberia,76 Kenya,63 Yemen107 | Nutrition assessment,92 102 107 111 breastfeeding and appropriate IYCF,80 86 92 110 disease prevention and management,76 107 micronutrient supplementation,63 107 general food distribution,63 93 SAM/MAM treatment,80 102 111 supplementary feeding,80 93 102 nutrition education80 86 92 107 110 111 | |
| Poor outcome reporting | Unskilled staff38 Reporting errors62 73 Small sample size/Sampling bias42 53 Security issues42 | Cameroon,38 Kenya,73 Pakistan,62 Nigeria,53 Syria,42 Tanzania73 | Nutrition assessment,53 73 disease prevention and management62 73 general food distribution,42 SAM/MAM treatment,73 supplementary feeding,73 nutrition education38 62 | |
| Facilitators | Effective monitoring system | Established nutrition surveillance system64 65 83–85 101 109 112 | Lebanon,83 Sudan,85 Kenya,64 Guinea-Bissau,64 65 Afghanistan,84 Syria,101 Jordan,109 South Sudan112 | Nutrition assessment,83 84 101 109 breastfeeding and appropriate IYCF,64 65 micronutrient supplementation,64 65 83 101 general food distribution,64 112 SAM/MAM treatment,83 85 101 109 supplementary feeding,65 83 101 109 nutrition education83 101 |
| Multi-sector programming | Inter-Cluster Coordination Group (ICCG Somalia)88 Nutrition cluster in partnership with the health and WASH clusters25 88 Integration of services through public primary healthcare (PHC) centres31 39 40 48 49 66 Nutrition services integration into public education system99 | Burundi,48 Somalia,39 88 Sri Lanka,49 Pakistan,25 Ethiopia,31 Guinea-Bissau,40 DRC,66 Lebanon99 | Nutrition assessment,25 49 88 breastfeeding and appropriate IYCF,25 48 49 66 88 disease prevention and management,25 39 40 49 micronutrient supplementation,31 40 49 66 SAM/MAM treatment,25 40 49 supplementary feeding,31 49 66 99 nutrition education40 99 | |
| Adoption of guidelines/evidence-based approaches | National plan for scaling up CMAM79 85 104 ‘Scaling Up Nutrition’ movement43 | Jordan,79 Sudan,85 Ethiopia,85 104 Central African Republic43 | Nutrition assessment,79 104 micronutrient supplementation,79 general food distribution,43 SAM/MAM treatment,79 85 104 supplementary feeding,79 104 nutrition education43 104 | |
| Advocacy and social mobilisation | Established village development committees108 Community networking47 92 Community mobilisation38 70 75 79 86 87 100 105 Communication for Development (C4D) approach103 | Uganda,108 Jordan,47 79 92 Cameroon,38 Zambia,70 75 Angola,75 Afghanistan,75 Lebanon,86 87 100 South Sudan,105 Mali103 | Nutrition assessment,79 87 92 100 108 breastfeeding and appropriate IYCF,47 86 92 105 disease prevention and management,100 108 food fortification,70 75 micronutrient supplementation,79 100 108 general food distribution,75 SAM/MAM treatment,79 100 supplementary feeding,79 nutrition education38 86 92 105 | |
| Capacity building of workforce | Task shifting/sharing85 Training of trainers68 85 89 | Sudan,85 Yemen,89 South Sudan68 | SAM/MAM treatment,85 89 supplementary feeding,89 nutrition education68 89 | |
| Innovative technology use | Biometric technology for mobile phone cash transfer (M-PESA)91 95 | Lebanon,91 Jordan95 | Food vouchers/cash provision91 95 |
CMAM, community-based management of acute malnutrition; IYCF, infant and young child feeding; SAM/MAM, severe acute malnutrition/moderate acute malnutrition; WASH, water, sanitation and hygiene.