Summary of study designs, quantitative measures, analysis type and associations between exposure and outcome in quantitative studies (N=20) and mixed-methods study (N=1)
| Study design | No of studies | Reference |
| Quasi-experimental | 21 | 37–43 46–59 |
| Longitudinal | 2 | 40 41 |
| Cross-sectional | 19 | 37–39 42 43 46–59 |
| No comparison groups | 3 | 53–55 |
| Comparison groups | 16 | 37–39 42 43 46–52 56 58 59 |
| Measures of exposure and outcome variables | No of studies* | Reference |
| Exposure variable | ||
| Ecological (eg, spatial data on residency and severity of disaster) | 6 | 40–43 55 57 |
| Self-reported disaster experience | ||
| Binary variable of affectedness (eg, Were you affected by disaster?) | 1 | 39 |
| Ordered categorical variable of affectedness | 2 | 37 38 |
| Proxy measures (eg, living in displacement camp) | 6 | 46 47 49 50 54 58 |
| Not specified or unclear | 6 | 48 51–53 56 59 |
| Outcome variable | ||
| Validated scale | 4 | 37 49 58 59 |
| Experience of a range of violent acts | 8 | 39 42 43 46–48 56 58 59 |
| Experience of violence (general) | 9 | 38 40 47 50–55 |
| Other | 2 | 41 57 |
| Analysis type | No of studies | Reference |
| Unadjusted or unclear | 9 | 39 49 52–57 59 |
| Adjusted or multivariate | 12 | 37 38 40–43 46–48 50 51 58 |
| Association between disaster exposure and VAWG | No of studies | Reference |
| Exposure associated with increased VAWG | 8 | 37 38 41–43 46 57 59 |
| Exposure associated with decreased VAWG | 0 | |
| Exposure associated with no effect on VAWG | 5 | 39 49–52 |
| Exposure associated with mixed effects on VAWG | 4 | 40 47 48 58 |
| Cannot determine relationship | 4 | 53–56 |
*The number of studies does not equal 21 because some studies used multiple measures of exposure and/or outcome variables.
VAWG, violence against women and girls.