Table 1

Proxy indicators by capacity and vital sign for monitoring overall health system functionality

Capacities	Vital signs	Proxy indicators
Access to essential services	Physical access	Number of medical (general and specialist) personnel (per 1000 population).
		Number of nursing personnel (including midwives (per 1000 population)).
		Number of public health facilities (per square kilometre).
		Number of hospital beds (per 1000 population).
	Financial access	Domestic general government health expenditure (% of current health expenditure).
		Domestic general government health expenditure (% of general government expenditure).
		Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita, Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) (current international $).
		Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure).
		Incidence of catastrophic expenditure (%): at 10% of household total consumption or income.
	Sociocultural access	Secondary school completion rate, female (% of relevant age group).
		Primary school completion rate, female (% of relevant age group).
		Women’s labour force participation.
		Intimate partner violence against women (%).
Quality of care in service provision	Individual healthy actions	Antenatal coverage (% receiving 4+ visits).
		Community health workers density (per 1000 population).
		Total alcohol consumption per capita (litres of pure alcohol), 15+ years of age.
		Smoking prevalence, total (ages 15+ years).
	Health-seeking behaviours	Antenatal Care (ANC) 1– 4 drop out.
		Diptheria, Pertusis, Tetanus (DP) containing vaccine, dose 1– 3 drop out.
		DTP3-Measles Containing Vaccine (MCV) drop out.
		Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods.
		Care seeking behaviour for child pneumonia.
Effective demand for essential services	User experiences	General service readiness (%).
	User experiences	Satisfaction with basic health services (%).
	Patient safety	Standard precautions for infection prevention and control (%).
	Patient safety	Stillbirth rate (per 1000 total births).
	Effectiveness of care	Tuberculosis treatment success rate (% of new cases).
		Mortality from Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD), cancer, diabetes or Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) between exact ages 30 and 70 years (%).
		Suicide mortality rate (per 100 000 population).
Resilience to disruptive shock events	Specific resilience	Capacity for preparedness.
		Capacity for detection.
		Capacity for response.
	Non-specific resilience	Awareness of system capacities and risks.
		Diversity of services and capacities.
		Self-regulatory capacity for rapid decision making.
		Local resource mobilisation capacity.
		Transformation capacity.