Variations in the association of factors that are associated with social isolation by income level of countries using multivariable logistic regression analyses
| Variables | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P for interaction | ||
| Country income level | ||||
| Low (n=37 863) | Middle (n=62 855) | High (n=18 046) | ||
| Age, 10-year increase | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.15) | 1.18 (1.14 to 1.22) | 0.92 (0.86 to 0.98) | <0.0001 |
| Women (vs men) | 1.42 (1.22 to 1.64) | 2.65 (2.47 to 2.84) | 1.46 (1.30 to 1.64) | <0.0001 |
| Education attainment level Presecondary (vs secondary or postsecondary) | 2.64 (2.30 to 3.02) | 1.16 (1.08 to 1.24) | 1.16 (0.97 to 1.38) | <0.0001 |
| Unemployed vs employed | 3.52 (3.05 to 4.05) | 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.14) | <0.0001 |
| Residence area urban (vs rural) | 1.12 (0.99 to 1.26) | 1.67 (1.56 to 1.79) | 1.72 (1.49 to 1.98) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoking (vs former or never smoking) | 0.73 (0.62 to 0.87) | 1.37 (1.27 to 1.48) | 1.91 (1.66 to 2.19) | <0.0001 |
| Low diet score (lowest tertile of AHEI) (vs the other two tertiles) | 0.44 (0.37 to 0.52) | 1.35 (1.27 to 1.44) | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.17) | <0.0001 |
| Current alcohol use (vs former or never drinking) | 1.54 (1.27 to 1.87) | 1.34 (1.26 to 1.44) | 0.48 (0.43 to 0.55) | <0.0001 |
| Physical inactivity (vs WHO recommended physical activity) | 0.78 (0.67 to 0.90) | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) | 1.84 (1.60 to 2.12) | <0.0001 |
| Number of comorbidities≥2 (vs one or no comorbidities) | 0.86 (0.66 to 1.13) | 1.03 (0.93 to 1.15) | 1.24 (1.03 to 1.49) | 0.01 |
| Number of disabilities≥2 (vs one or no disabilities) | 1.03 (0.90 to 1.19) | 1.21 (1.13 to 1.31) | 1.26 (1.06 to 1.48) | 0.2 |
ORs were adjusted for age, sex, education attainment, employment status, residence area, smoking, alcohol, presence of physical inactivity, diet score, presence of comorbidities and presence of disabilities.
AHEI, alternative healthy eating index.