Factors associated with social isolation using multivariable logistic regression analyses
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Age, 10-year increase | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) |
| Women (vs men) | 2.17 (2.06 to 2.29) |
| Education attainment level Presecondary (vs secondary or postsecondary) | 1.37 (1.29 to 1.45) |
| Unemployed vs employed | 1.16 (1.10 to 1.22) |
| Residence in urban (vs rural) | 1.64 (1.55 to 1.73) |
| Country income level (low as reference) | |
| Middle vs low | 2.41 (2.25 to 2.57) |
| High vs low | 2.03 (1.85 to 2.22) |
| Current smoking (vs former or never smoking) | 1.33 (1.25 to 1.41) |
| Low diet score (lowest tertile of diet score) (vs the other two tertiles) | 1.12 (1.07 to 1.18) |
| Current alcohol use (vs former or never drinking) | 1.04 (0.98 to 1.10) |
| Physical inactivity (vs WHO recommended physical activity) | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.11) |
| Number of comorbidities≥2 (vs one or no comorbidities) | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.15) |
| Number of disabilities≥2 (vs one or no disabilities) | 1.27 (1.20 to 1.35) |
ORs were adjusted for age, sex, education attainment, employment status, residence area, country income level, smoking, alcohol, presence of physical inactivity, diet score, presence of comorbidities and presence of disabilities.