Characteristics of cases and hospital controls for key variables
| N (%) | P value* | |||
| Cases | Hospital controls | Community controls | ||
| No. of complete cases (% complete) | 239 (80.2) | 456 (91.2) | 410 (90.1) | |
| Male n (%) | 104 (43.5) | 182 (39.9) | 166 (40.5) | 0.07 |
| Age median (IQI) | 26 (32–36) | 26 (21–37) | 28 (22–39) | 0.39 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Sinhala | 189 (79.1) | 419 (91.9) | 358 (87.3) | <0.001 |
| Tamil | 30 (12.6) | 16 (3.5) | 34 (8.3) | |
| Moor/Burgher | 20 (8.4) | 21 (4.6) | 18 (4.4) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Buddhist | 182 (76.2) | 412 (90.4) | 347 (84.6) | <0.001 |
| Non-Buddhist | 57 (23.8) | 44 (9.6) | 63 (15.4) | |
| Parent’s highest education | ||||
| No schooling | 17 (7.1) | 7 (1.5) | 6 (1.5) | <0.001 |
| Primary | 105 (43.9) | 150 (32.9) | 139 (33.9) | |
| Passed O-Level | 56 (23.4) | 139 (30.5) | 116 (28.3) | |
| Passed A-Level | 61 (25.5) | 160 (35.1) | 149 (36.3) | |
| Family factors | ||||
| Alcohol/drug misuse‡† | 48 (20.1) | 85 (18.6) | 80 (19.5) | 0.65 |
| Mental health issues/suicidal§ | 35 (14.6) | 37 (8.1) | 36 (8.8) | 0.01 |
| Jail/prison¶ | 20 (8.4) | 27 (5.9) | 20 (4.9) | 0.22 |
| Parental separation/divorce | 27 (11.3) | 15 (3.3) | 19 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Parental death | 36 (15.1) | 31 (6.8) | 47 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| Violence in the home** | 48 (20.1) | 49 (10.7) | 58 (14.1) | 0.001 |
*χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests comparing cases with hospital controls.
†Questions from the WHO adverse childhood experiences questionnaire. In the first 18 years of life: *Did you live with a household member who was a problem drinker or alcoholic, or misused street or prescription drugs?
‡Did you live with a household member who was depressed, mentally ill or suicidal?
§Did you live with a household member who was ever sent to jail or prison?
¶Defined as having witnessed (seen or heard) psychological (many times) or physical (few/many times) abuse of a parent or other household member.
IQI, interquartile interval.