Table 4

Effect of the UBL intervention on primary and secondary IPV outcomes among indirect beneficiaries (women and men) at 24 months follow-up; intention to treat analysis

Summary statisticsIntervention effect
Control groupCouples’ UBLWomen’s UBLMen’s
UBL
Couples’ UBLWomen’s UBLMen’s UBL
N (%)N (%)N (%)N (%)ORAOR*ORAOR*ORAOR*
Primary IPV outcomes
Experience of intimate partner violence (IPV)—women’s reports
Past-year physical IPV292/1452
(20.1)
44/217
(20.3)
53/244
(21.7)
50/260
(19.2)
1.08 (0.60–1.95)
p=0.797
1.05 (0.59–1.88)
p=0.858
1.14 (0.87–1.48)
p=0.346
1.10 (0.81–1.49)
p=0.539
0.97 (0.68–1.37)
p=0.847
0.91 (0.63–1.32)
p=0.614
Past-year sexual IPV542/1451
(37.4)
81/217
(37.3)
106/245
(43.3)
91/260
(35.0)
1.03 (0.69–1.52)
p=0.895
0.98 (0.64–1.50)
p=0.923
1.29 (0.99–1.67)
p=0.058
1.23 (0.92–1.65)
p=0.161
0.88 (0.69–1.13)
p=0.324
0.80 (0.61–1.05)
p=0.106
Secondary IPV outcomes
Perpetration of IPV—men’s reports
Past-year physical IPV313/1459
(21.5)
55/217
(25.3)
64/255
(25.1)
52/255
(20.4)
1.51 (1.08–2.13)
p=0.017
1.49 (1.08–2.05)
p=0.016
1.35 (0.92–1.99)
p=0.127
1.34 (0.92–1.93)
p=0.124
0.98 (0.70–1.37)
p=0.900
0.92 (0.65–1.30)
p=0.641
Past-year sexual IPV427/1459
(29.3)
56/217
(25.8)
76/255
(29.8)
50/255
(19.6)
0.90 (0.60–1.36)
p=0.625
0.88 (0.57–1.35)
p=0.555
1.06 (0.76–1.48)
p=0.742
1.04 (0.73–1.48)
p=0.824
0.58 (0.40–0.83)
p=0.003
0.55 (0.38–0.80)
p=0.002
Additional IPV outcomes
Experience of IPV—women’s reports
Past-year physical and/or sexual IPV627/1453
(43.2)
90/217
(41.5)
116/245
(47.3)
107/260
(41.2)
0.96 (0.64–1.45)
p=0.857
0.92 (0.59–1.43)
p=0.719
1.19 (0.92–1.54)
p=0.196
1.14 (0.85–1.53)
p=0.392
0.91 (0.69–1.19)
p=0.496
0.84 (0.63–1.14)
p=0.267
Past-year emotional IPV886/1460
(60.7)
131/219
(59.8)
153/245
(62.4)
149/261
(57.1)
0.98 (0.60–1.61)
p=0.950
0.97 (0.59–1.57)
p=0.887
1.07 (0.75–1.52)
p=0.714
1.07 (0.72–1.59)
p=0.721
0.85 (0.61–1.17)
p=0.316
0.77 (0.55–1.07)
p=0.124
Perpetration of IPV—men’s reports
Past-year physical and/or sexual IPV566/1459
(38.8)
83/217
(38.2)
103/255
(40.4)
82/255
(32.2)
1.11 (0.77–1.61)
p=0.567
1.08 (0.75–1.57)
p=0.676
1.14 (0.84–1.54)
p=0.408
1.12 (0.83–1.53)
p=0.451
0.75 (0.55–1.03)
p=0.072
0.71 (0.52–0.97)
p=0.030
Past-year emotional IPV819/1463
(56.0)
121/219
(55.3)
149/256
(58.2)
156/256
(60.9)
1.06 (0.73–1.54)
p=0.749
1.04 (0.72–1.51)
p=0.831
1.15 (0.79–1.66)
p=0.470
1.11 (0.77–1.59)
p=0.572
1.27 (0.91–1.76)
p=0.157
1.25 (0.90–1.74)
p=0.175
  • *Adjusted for respondent’s age, respondent’s schooling category, marriage length, polygamous household, socioeconomic status, whether completed the full or short survey at endline, and number of months between end of intervention and endline interview.

  • AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio; IPV, Intimate Partner Violence; UBL, Unite for a Better Life.