Baseline characteristics of infants in the analytical sample, Gem subcounty, Kenya (2016–2017)
| Control (n=160) (%) | SMS (n=146) (%) | SMS + 150KES (n=149) (%) | Total (n=455) (%) | |
| Mobile phone access | ||||
| Shares | 49 (31) | 48 (33) | 46 (31) | 143 (31) |
| Owns | 111 (69) | 98 (67) | 103 (69) | 312 (69) |
| Infant’s sex | ||||
| Female | 77 (48) | 70 (48) | 69 (46) | 216 (48) |
| Male | 83 (52) | 76 (52) | 80 (54) | 239 (53) |
| Infant’s age at enrolment | ||||
| 6 months | 104 (65) | 92 (63) | 96 (64) | 292 (64) |
| 7 months | 53 (33) | 52 (36) | 51 (34) | 156 (34) |
| 8 months | 3 (2) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 7 (2) |
| Penta3 before enrolment | ||||
| Not vaccinated | 6 (4) | 7 (5) | 6 (4) | 19 (4) |
| Vaccinated | 154 (96) | 139 (95) | 143 (96) | 436 (96) |
| Time to health facility | ||||
| ≤30 min | 110 (69) | 85 (58) | 97 (65) | 292 (64) |
| >30 min | 50 (31) | 61 (42) | 52 (35) | 163 (36) |
| Maternal education | ||||
| ≤7 years | 53 (33) | 54 (37) | 49 (33) | 156 (34) |
| >7 years | 107 (67) | 92 (63) | 100 (67) | 299 (66) |
| Birth order | ||||
| Firstborn | 33 (21) | 31 (21) | 22 (15) | 86 (19) |
| Later born | 127 (79) | 115 (79) | 127 (85) | 369 (81) |
| Location of last delivery | ||||
| At home | 30 (19) | 28 (19) | 25 (17) | 83 (18) |
| Health facility | 129 (81) | 118 (81) | 124 (83) | 371 (82) |
| Maternal age | ||||
| ≤25 years | 80 (50) | 86 (59) | 62 (42) | 228 (50) |
| >25 years | 80 (50) | 60 (41) | 87 (58) | 227 (50) |
| No of ANC visits for enrolled infant | ||||
| ≤4 visits | 114 (71) | 99 (68) | 96 (65) | 309 (68) |
| >4 visits | 46 (29) | 47 (32) | 51 (35) | 144 (32) |
| Socioeconomic quintile | ||||
| Bottom 40% | 72 (45) | 55 (38) | 52 (35) | 179 (39) |
| Upper 60% | 88 (55) | 91 (62) | 97 (65) | 276 (61) |
Data are n (%).
ANC, antenatal care; KES, Kenya Shillings; Penta3, third-dose pentavalent vaccine; SMS, short message service.