Urban | Rural | |||
RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
Child factors | ||||
Child’s sex | ||||
Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Female | 0.96 | 0.91 to 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.96 to 1.05 |
Birth order | ||||
1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
2 | 0.94 | 0.88 to 1.01 | 0.88‡ | 0.83 to 0.94 |
3 | 0.81‡ | 0.74 to 0.88 | 0.82‡ | 0.76 to 0.89 |
4 | 0.82‡ | 0.74 to 0.91 | 0.79‡ | 0.73 to 0.87 |
5 | 0.74‡ | 0.65 to 0.84 | 0.75‡ | 0.68 to 0.83 |
6+ | 0.61‡ | 0.53 to 0.70 | 0.69‡ | 0.62 to 0.76 |
Maternal factors | ||||
Age | ||||
15–19 | 0.80† | 0.70 to 0.92 | 0.76‡ | 0.68 to 0.85 |
20–24 | 0.91* | 0.84 to 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.89 to 1.02 |
25–29 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
30–34 | 1.06 | 0.98 to 1.15 | 1.07* | 1.01 to 1.15 |
35–39 | 1.15† | 1.04 to 1.26 | 1.10* | 1.02 to 1.19 |
40–44 | 0.99 | 0.82 to 1.18 | 1.10 | 0.98 to 1.23 |
45–49 | 1.37* | 1.03 to 1.83 | 1.04 | 0.86 to 1.25 |
Education | ||||
No education | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Primary | 1.14† | 1.04 to 1.24 | 1.03 | 0.98 to 1.08 |
Secondary | 0.98 | 0.90 to 1.07 | 1.01 | 0.94 to 1.07 |
Higher | 0.97 | 0.86 to 1.09 | 0.95 | 0.77 to 1.16 |
Wealth quintile | ||||
Poorest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Poorer | 0.84 | 0.69 to 1.02 | 1.11† | 1.04 to 1.18 |
Poor | 0.93 | 0.79 to 1.11 | 1.23‡ | 1.16 to 1.31 |
Richer | 0.95 | 0.82 to 1.11 | 1.28‡ | 1.20 to 1.38 |
Richest | 1.19* | 1.02 to 1.38 | 1.32‡ | 1.18 to 1.47 |
Occupation | ||||
Not working | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Working | 1.02 | 0.96 to 1.09 | 1.29‡ | 1.22 to 1.36 |
Distance to health facility | ||||
Not a big problem/no problem | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
A big problem | 0.85‡ | 0.79 to 0.92 | 0.85‡ | 0.81 to 0.89 |
Sex of household head | ||||
Male | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Female | 0.96 | 0.89 to 1.02 | 1.05 | 0.99 to 1.10 |
Health insurance | ||||
No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 0.94 | 0.87 to 1.0 | 1.34*** | 1.25 to 1.43 |
*P<0.05.
†P<0.01.
‡P<0.001.
Ref, reference category; RR, relative risk.