National costs* in millions of implementing WASH interventions across the Indian public healthcare system
| Intervention | Urban cost (95% CI) | Rural cost (95% CI) | Total cost (95% CI) | |||
| Million INR | Million US$ | Million INR | Million US$ | Million INR | Million US$ | |
| Water—basic† | 1910 (1323 to 2498) | 27.93 (19.35 to 36.52) | 7133 (3938 to 10 328) | 104.30 (57.58 to 151.02) | 9044 (5261 to 12 826) | 132.24 (76.93 to 187.55) |
| Water—advanced‡ | 1815 (1007 to 2623) | 26.54 (14.73 to 38.35) | 5441 (4256 to 6626) | 79.55 (62.23 to 96.88) | 7256 (5263 to 9248) | 106.10 (76.96 to 135.23) |
| Sanitation | 3518 (2874 to 4161) | 51.44 (42.03 to 60.85) | 3619 (1566 to 5673) | 52.92 (22.89 to 82.95) | 7137 (4440 to 9834) | 104.36 (64.92 to 143.80) |
| Hand hygiene | 1257 (1101 to 1414) | 18.39 (16.10 to 20.68) | 2303 (1629 to 2978) | 33.68 (23.82 to 43.54) | 3561 (2730 to 4392) | 52.07 (39.91 to 64.22) |
| Linen reprocessing | 3033 (1919 to 4146) | 44.34 (28.07 to 60.62) | 4637 (2488 to 6787) | 67.81 (36.38 to 99.23) | 7670 (4407 to 10 932) | 112.15 (64.45 to 159.85) |
| Medical device reprocessing | 959 (449 to 1468) | 14.02 (6.57 to 21.47) | 2842 (1130 to 4554) | 41.56 (16.52 to 66.59) | 3801 (1579 to 6023) | 55.58 (23.09 to 88.06) |
| Surface cleaning | 3157 (2377 to 3936) | 46.16 (34.76 to 57.55) | 2344 (1023 to 3666) | 34.28 (14.96 to 53.60) | 5501 (3400 to 7602) | 80.44 (49.72 to 111.15) |
| Total | 15 649 (11 052 to 20 245) | 228.82 (161.61 to 296.03) | 28 320 (16 029 to 40 612) | 414.10 (234.37 to 593.83) | 43 969 (27 081 to 60 857) | 642.92 (395.98 to 889.86) |
*This includes capital and recurrent costs shown in 2018 prices and evaluated over a 1-year period.
†Water-basic intervention upgrades any HCFs with below basic water service (ie, unimproved or limited service) to basic (ie, an improved water source on-site).
‡Water-advanced intervention further upgrades HCFs from basic water service level to advanced (ie, an improved water source piped into the facility with additional collection points).
INR, Indian rupee; WASH, water, sanitation and hygiene.