Presence of existing SHGs

Migration (rural and urban)

Community willingness to develop groups

Poor supply of health services

Partnerships with municipalities in urban areas

Problem solving to identify feasible solutions that engage women

Giving health messages without women’s active participation

Trusted, local female facilitator who leverages local practices and beliefs

Poor outreach to target women and influencers

Inclusion of most vulnerable through active engagement

Group dissolution

Sufficient coverage to improve population health

Irregular attendance

Intergenerational participation, such as mothers-in-law and adolescents

Insufficient time spent on health, including duration and frequency

Relevant to majority of group members and local community

Driven by intrahousehold dynamics and social norms

Supply-independent mechanisms to achieve effects possible or intervention addresses supply

Dependent on diffusion

Limited, focused outcomes