Characteristics in reductionistic and complexity approaches to change
| Reductionistic approach to change | Complexity approach to change |
| Knowledge by focusing on part-by-part details | Knowledge by focusing on interactions, interdependencies and relationships |
| Problem as a relation of cause and effect between few parts/actors | Problem as emerging from a system of interactions, relations and interdependencies between many entities (actors, institutions, context) over time |
| Problem as single events | Problem as path-dependent patterns over time |
| Innovation as a product to be implemented | Innovation as a process |
| Change resulting from implementation of evidence-based medicine | Change as emergent behaviour resulting from adaptation, social learning and self-organisation |