Variables and outcome | Number of studies collecting | Studies collecting* | Number of studies reported† | Studies reporting | Weighted proportion of outcome (95% CI)‡ | I2 |
Social determinants of health | ||||||
Health system | 5 (35.7%) | COSMIC,27 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 PRECISE9 | 3 (60.0%) | COSMIC,27 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL15 | – | – |
Women’s status in society | 10 (71.4%) | IPTp +,21 Seychelles Child Development Study23 COSMIC,27 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 5 (50.0%) | Seychelles Child Development Study,23 COSMIC,27 FOETAL17 RECIPAL,15 ZAPPS26 | – | – |
Health geography (including air pollution and WASH) | 7 (50.0%) | IPTp +,21 COSMIC,27 FOETAL,17 AMANHI,10 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 3 (42.8%) | COSMIC,27 FOETAL,17 ZAPPS26 | – | – |
Nutrition | 7 (50.0%) | ENID,18 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED,16 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | – | – | – | – |
Clinical determinants of health | ||||||
Infectious disease burden | 12 (85.7%) | IPTp +,21 STOPPAM,24 ENID,18 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 FOETAL17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 PRECISE9 | 7 (58.3%) | IPTp +,21 STOPPAM,24 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 ZAPPS26 | – | – |
Non-communicable disease burden | 10 (71.4%) | COSMIC,27 ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED, ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 4 (40.0%) | COSMIC,27 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL15 ZAPPS26 | – | – |
Past medical and obstetric history | 10 (71.4%) | COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 2 (20.0%) | COSMIC,27 ZAPPS26 | – | – |
Clinical history and examination | 7 (50.0%) | IPTp +,21 ENID,18 COSMIC,27 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 ZAPPS,26 PRECISE9 | – | – | – | |
Pregnancy dating by ultrasound | 8 (57.1%) | ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st19 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 PRECISE9 | 3 (37.5%) | FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 ZAPPS26 | – | – |
Maternal outcomes | ||||||
Maternal mortality | 13 (92.9%) | IPTp +,21 STOPPAM,24 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 10 (76.9%) | IPTp +,21 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 NuPED16 | 150 (80, 280) per 100,000 births | 14.6% |
Pregnancy hypertension | 8 (57.1%) | STOPPAM,24 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 2 (25.0%) | RECIPAL,15 ZAPPS26 | 3.4% (2.6%, 4.4%) | NA |
Anaemia | 13 (92.9%) | IPTp +,21 STOPPAM,24 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 8 (61.5%) | IPTp +,21 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 NuPED,16 ZAPPS26 | 37.4% (22.0%, 55.9%) | 99.7% |
Malaria | 10 (71.4%) | IPTp +,21 STOPPAM,24 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 ZAPPS,26 PRECISE9 | 6 (60.0%) | IPTp +,21 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 ZAPPS26 | 5.2% (0.9%, 24.4%) | 99.5% |
Long term outcomes | 1 (7.1%) | HeLTI22 | 0 (0.0%) | – | – | – |
Perinatal and infant outcomes | – | |||||
Preterm birth | 12 (85.7%) | IPTp +,21 STOPPAM,24 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 6 (42.9%) | IPTp +,21 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 NuPED16 | 4.3% (2.5%, 7.5%) | 95.7% |
Foetal growth restriction | 9 (64.2%) | ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 3 (33.3%) | ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL15 | 14.6% (8.4%, 24.1%) | 94.2% |
Stillbirth | 13 (92.9%) | IPTp +,21 STOPPAM,24 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 7 (53.8%) | IPTp +,21 STOPPAM,24 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 ENID,18 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL15 | 20 (15, 28) per 1000 births | 84.6% |
Neonatal death | 12 (85.7%) | IPTp +,21 Seychelles Child Development Study,23 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 FOETAL,17 RECIPAL,15 AMANHI,10 INTERBIO-21st,19 NuPED,16 ZAPPS,26 HeLTI,22 PRECISE9 | 5 (41.7%) | IPTp +,21 Seychelles Child Development Study,23 COSMIC,27 MiPADD,20 FOETAL17 | 11 (6, 20) per 1000 livebirths | 89.1% |
Long term outcomes | 3 (21.4%) | Seychelles Child Development Study,23 ENID,18 HeLTI22 | 1 (33.3%) | Seychelles Child Development Study23 | – | – |
*Inclusive of studies planning to report on these variables/outcomes, but for which data collection is still ongoing.
†Denominator based on number of studies collecting corresponding outcome.
‡Based on random effects logistic regression model.