Association between absence of a labour companion and mistreatment*†‡
| Any physical abuse, verbal abuse, or stigma or discrimination | Physical abuse | Verbal abuse | Non-consented vaginal examination | Poor communication between healthcare providers and women | Felt ignored, neglected or their presence was a nuisance to health workers | Waited for long periods of time to be attended by health workers | |
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Ghana | 0.8 (0.6–1.06) |
0.5
(0.3–0.9) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) |
2.3
(1.7–3.1) |
2.0
(1.3–3.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) |
| Guinea |
3.6
(1.9–6.9) |
5.2
(1.8–14.4) |
2.7
(1.3–5.5) |
3.2
(1.6–6.4) | 1.3 (0.6–2.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) |
| Nigeria | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.8 (0.9–3.2) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) |
0.6
(0.3–0.9) |
Bold=significant Χ2 at p<0.05.
*AORs adjusted for maternal age, education, marital status and parity.
†Reference is labour companion present at any point during care.
‡Myanmar is not included in the model because 99.7% of women reported having a labour companion.
AOR, adjusted OR.