Table 2

Normative foot length data by gestational age (GA)

Author (year)CountryGA reference standardFoot length distance measuredMean foot length for GA, cm (SD)
28 weeks34 weeks37 weeks
Asia
Kulkarni21 (1992)IndiaLMP and Dubowitz scoreHeel-to-hallux5.66 (0.68)6.70 (0.64)6.99 (0.56)
Kabra20 (1989)IndiaLMP and Dubowitz scoreHeel-to-hallux5.28 (0.70)6.83 (0.38)7.55 (0.54)
Mathur22 (1984)IndiaLMPHeel-to-hallux5.69 (0.35)6.93 (0.44)7.26 (0.34)
Singhal23 (2014)IndiaLMP and Extended New Ballard ScoreHeel-to-longest toe5.45 (0.26)6.80 (0.21)7.53 (0.28)
Srivastava24 (2015)IndiaExtended New Ballard ScoreHeel-to-longest toe5.50 (0)6.54 (0.24)7.45 (0.13)
Rakkappan19 (2016)India--5.266.11-
Europe
Merlob25 (1984)IsraelLMP, Dubowitz score, and anterior vascular capsule of the lens examinationHeel-to-hallux5.25 (0.53)6.81 (0.70)7.53 (0.60)
Vocel26 (1978)CzechoslovakiaLMPHeel-to-hallux-6.83 (0.31)7.23 (0.50)
Americas
Usher27 (1969)CanadaLMPHeel-to-longest toe5.54 (0.31)6.96 (0.38)7.80 (0.39)
  • (-) symbol indicates that data is not available for that paper.

  • LMP, last menstrual period.