Characteristic | Number of studies | Studies |
Total | 54 | 13–36 38–63 73–76 |
Language | ||
Chinese | 11 | 29 33 35 41 42 44 46 49 62 63 76 |
English | 43 | 13–28 30–32 34 36 38–40 43 45 47 48 50–61 73–75 |
Year of study | ||
2001–2005 | 2 | 26 39 |
2006–2010 | 3 | 15 33 58 |
2011–2015 | 19 | 16 18 21 23 24 29–32 34 40–44 47 49 57 73 |
2016–later | 30 | 13 14 17 19 20 22 25 27 28 35 36 38 45 46 48 50–56 59–63 74–76 |
Study design | ||
Quantitative study | 44 | 13–15 17–26 28–30 33–36 38–55 62 63 73–76 |
Longitudinal | 1 | 53 |
Cross-sectional | 38 | 13–15 17–22 26 28–30 33–36 38–52 62 63 73–76 |
Experiment | 6 | 23–25 53–55 |
Qualitative study | 5 | 27 57–59 61 |
Mixed-methods | 5 | 16 31 32 56 60 |
Experiment | 1 | 56 |
Study region | ||
Mainland China | ||
East | 14 | 23 24 34 35 40–42 46 48 49 52 60 62 63 |
Central | 7 | 14 18 27 47 61 75 76 |
West | 6 | 22 29 43 44 58 59 |
Across regions | 17 | 13 17 19 20 25 28 36 38 45 50 51 53–57 74 |
Hong Kong | 9 | 15 16 21 26 30–32 39 73 |
Taiwan | 1 | 33 |
Urbanicity | ||
Urban | 10 | 28 33 34 41 42 55 61 62 73 76 |
Rural | 7 | 14 25 27 52 57 59 60 |
Both | 33 | 13 15–24 26 29–32 35 36 38 39 43–47 49–51 53 54 56 58 63 |
Unknown | 4 | 40 48 74 75 |
Participants | ||
Healthcare consumers | ||
General public (adults >18 years) | 29 | 14–17 19–21 29–36 38 40 43 44 46–50 52 57 62 63 73 |
Parents or caregivers | 8 | 13 18 28 41 42 45 51 76 |
Healthcare providers | ||
Healthcare professionals and/or community pharmacies | 13 | 22–26 39 53–55 60 61 74 75 |
Both sides of healthcare system | 4 | 27 56 58 59 |
Antibiotic misuse in the community | ||
Self-medication with antibiotics | 34 | 13–21 27–36 40–46 48–52 58 62 63 |
Taking antibiotics as prophylaxis | 12 | 13 17–20 36 38 43 50–52 57 |
Over-the-counter purchases/sales | 22 | 15 16 18 21 28 30–33 41 44 48 50 52–59 76 |
Patient side reported | 19 | 15 16 18 21 28 30–33 41 44 48 50 52 56–59 76 |
Experiment | 4 | 53–56 |
Household storage of antibiotics | 23 | 13 14 16–21 28 29 31 32 35 41–43 46 50–52 58 62 63 |
Demand for antibiotic prescriptions | 23 | 13 16–21 27–36 38 47 57 62 63 76 |