Baseline characteristics of participants with high risk of CVD
| Total high risk participants n=93 200 | Group 1—available and affordable n=34 974 | Group 2— available but unaffordable n=22 918 | Group 3— unavailable n=20 022 | Missing n=15 286 | |
| Age (years), median (SD), missing: 2 | 54.7 (9.6) | 54.4 (9.3) | 54.9 (9.7) | 54.5 (9.7) | 55.2 (9.7) |
| Female, n (%), missing: 1 | 45 700 (49.0%) | 16 621 (47.5%) | 11 419 (49.8%) | 9423 (47.1%) | 8237 (53.9%) |
| Educational level, n (%), missing: 261 | |||||
| None | 13 924 (15.0%) | 2542 (7.3%) | 4136 (18.1%) | 4679 (23.5%) | 2567 (16.8%) |
| Primary school | 27 909 (30.0%) | 7318 (20.9%) | 7639 (33.5%) | 7214 (36.2%) | 5738 (37.6%) |
| Secondary/high school | 32 637 (35.1%) | 12 661 (36.2%) | 9029 (39.6%) | 6536 (32.8%) | 4411 (28.9%) |
| Trade school | 4432 (4.8%) | 2536 (7.3%) | 690 (3.0%) | 589 (3.0%) | 617 (4.0%) |
| College/university | 13 740 (14.8%) | 9733 (27.9%) | 1269 (5.6%) | 850 (4.3%) | 1888 (12.4%) |
| Unknown | 297 (0.3%) | 147 (0.4%) | 44 (0.2%) | 84 (0.4%) | 22 (0.1%) |
| Global Wealth Index country specific tertiles, missing: 188 | |||||
| Tertile 1 | 30 357 (32.6%) | 7499 (21.4%) | 8099 (35.4%) | 9493 (47.5%) | 5266 (34.8%) |
| Tertile 2 | 30 676 (33.0%) | 11 091 (31.7%) | 7963 (34.8%) | 6477 (32.4%) | 5145 (34.0%) |
| Tertile 3 | 31 979 (34.4%) | 16 378 (46.8%) | 6847 (29.9%) | 4013 (20.1%) | 4741 (31.3%) |
| Smoking status, n (%), missing: 723 | |||||
| Former smoker | 17 156 (18.6%) | 9100 (26.1%) | 2669 (11.8%) | 2232 (11.3%) | 3155 (20.8%) |
| Current smoker | 30 926 (33.4%) | 9695 (27.8%) | 8503 (37.5%) | 7743 (39.2%) | 4985 (32.8%) |
| Never smoke | 44 395 (48.0%) | 16 044 (46.1%) | 11 525 (50.8%) | 9767 (49.5%) | 7059 (46.4%) |
| Number of people in the household, median (Q1, Q3) missing: 11 386 | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) |
| Urban/rural living, n (%), missing: 0 | |||||
| Urban | 53 151 (57.0%) | 26 163 (74.8%) | 13 208 (57.6%) | 5623 (28.1%) | 8157 (53.4%) |
| Rural | 40 049 (43.0%) | 8811 (25.2%) | 9710 (42.4%) | 14 399 (71.9%) | 7129 (46.6%) |
| History of hypertension, n (%), missing: 205 | 31 546 (33.9%) | 12 638 (36.2%) | 7592 (33.2%) | 5869 (29.4%) | 5447 (35.7%) |
| History of diabetes, n (%), missing: 159 | 12 522 (13.5%) | 5524 (15.8%) | 3182 (13.9%) | 1847 (9.3%) | 1969 (12.9%) |
| History of coronary heart disease, n (%), missing: 172 | 5774 (6.2%) | 2267 (6.5%) | 1219 (5.3%) | 1401 (7.0%) | 887 (5.8%) |
| History of stroke, n (%), missing: 179 | 2547 (2.7%) | 847 (2.4%) | 632 (2.8%) | 644 (3.2%) | 424 (2.8%) |
| Use of preventative medication: | |||||
| Antiplatelets | 6037 (6.5%) | 3114 (8.9%) | 861 (3.8%) | 836 (4.2%) | 1226 (8.0%) |
| Statins | 4761 (5.1%) | 3189 (9.1%) | 508 (2.2%) | 239 (1.2%) | 825 (5.4%) |
| BP lowering | 20 852 (22.4%) | 9517 (27.2%) | 4174 (18.2%) | 2967 (14.8%) | 4194 (27.4%) |
Group 1—individuals from communities where all three were available and affordable, group 2—individuals from communities where all three were available but not affordable to them, group 3—individuals from communities where all three were not available.
High risk of CVD was defined as having any of the following conditions: history of hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, age >55, former or current smoker.
All p-values for differences between groups were <0.001
BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease.