Table 1

Concentration index (SE) for health-related sustainable development goals indicator in Mexico using both SDI and marginalisation index, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2017

No.	Indicator	SDI					Margnalisation index					Indicator description
No.	Indicator	1990	2000	2010	2017	t value	1990	2000	2010	2017	t value*	Indicator description
1	Adol Birth Rate	−0.048***	−0.057***	−0.041***	−0.043***	0.368	0.047***	0.052***	0.037***	0.039***	−0.588	Indicator 3.7.2: number of live births per 1000 women aged 10–19 years old
		(0.011)	(0.011)	(0.009)	(0.008)		(0.011)	(0.012)	−0.01	(0.008)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0	0.000
2	Air Poll Mort	0.004	0.027*	0.016	0.008	0.226	−0.005	−0.032**	−0.015	−0.009	−0.226	Indicator 3.9.1: age-standardised death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100 000 population)
		(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.013)		(0.012)	(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.013)
		0.777	0.051	0.136	0.543		0.668	0.017	0.148	0.491
3	Alcohol Use	0.048***	0.049***	0.046***	0.047***	−0.118	−0.048***	−0.050***	−0.044***	−0.045***	0.354	Indicator 3.5.2: risk-weighted prevalence of alcohol consumption, as measured by the summary exposure value (SEV) for alcohol use (%)
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.006)		(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.006)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
11	FP Need Met, Mod	0.105***	0.102***	0.102***	0.091***	−0.482	−0.097***	−0.094***	−0.085***	−0.077***	0.642	Indicator 3.7.1: proportion of women of reproductive age (15–49 years) who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods (%)
		(0.022)	(0.022)	(0.019)	(0.019)		(0.023)	(0.023)	(0.022)	(0.021)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001
13	HIV Incid	0.112***	−0.055	−0.036	−0.032	−2.671	−0.110***	0.072	0.068	0.057	3.142	Indicator 3.3.1: age-standardised rate of new HIV infections (per 1000 population)
		(0.035)	(0.043)	(0.042)	(0.041)		(0.035)	(0.043)	(0.041)	(0.040)
		0.003	0.213	0.401	0.434		0.003	0.103	0.105	0.163
14	Health Worker Dens	0.144***	0.139***	0.124***	0.111***	−2.917	−0.143***	−0.138***	−0.120***	−0.108***	2.750	Indicator 3.c.1: physicians, nurses and midwives, and pharmacists per 1000 population
		(0.008)	(0.010)	(0.008)	(0.008)		(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.010)	(0.009)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
15	Health Worker Dens Nurses Midwives	0.139***	0.133***	0.117***	0.106***	−2.453	−0.136***	−0.130***	−0.114***	−0.104***	2.153	Indicator 3.c.1b: nurses and midwives per 1000 population
		(0.010)	(0.011)	(0.009)	(0.009)		(0.011)	(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.010)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
16	Health Worker Dens Pharmacists	0.176***	0.162***	0.143***	0.125***	−0.890	−0.176***	−0.154***	−0.129***	−0.113**	1.085	Indicator 3.c.1c: pharmacists per 1000 population
		(0.039)	(0.041)	(0.041)	(0.042)		(0.039)	(0.042)	(0.043)	(0.043)
		0.000	0.000	0.002	0.006		0.000	0.001	0.005	0.013
17	Health Worker Dens Physicians	0.153***	0.150***	0.136***	0.121***	−1.371	−0.155***	−0.152***	−0.133***	−0.118***	1.585	Indicator 3 .c.1a: physicians per 1000 population
		(0.017)	(0.020)	(0.019)	(0.016)		(0.016)	(0.020)	(0.019)	(0.017)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
18	Hep B Incid	−0.015	−0.024	−0.038**	−0.045***	−1.229	0.013	0.026	0.035**	0.044***	1.270	Indicator 3.3.4: age-standardised rate of hepatitis B incidence (per 100 000 population)
		(0.020)	(0.018)	(0.014)	(0.014)		(0.020)	(0.018)	(0.014)	(0.014)
		0.445	0.188	0.011	0.003		0.511	0.151	0.022	0.004
22	Malaria Incid	−0.494***	−0.591**	−0.633**	−0.652*	−0.436	0.500***	0.543**	0.635**	0.651*	0.417	Indicator 3.3.3: age-standardised rate of malaria cases (per 1000 population)
		(0.158)	(0.234)	(0.254)	(0.326)		(0.158)	(0.238)	(0.254)	(0.326)
		0.004	0.017	0.019	0.055		0.003	0.029	0.018	0.055
23	Mat Mort Ratio	−0.122***	−0.075***	−0.066***	−0.064***	1.580	0.123***	0.077***	0.068***	0.062***	−1.639	Indicator 3.1.1: maternal mortality ratio (maternal deaths per 100 000 live births) in women aged 10–54 years
		(0.032)	(0.026)	(0.020)	(0.018)		(0.032)	(0.026)	(0.019)	(0.019)
		0.001	0.007	0.002	0.002		0.001	0.006	0.001	0.003
25	NCD Mort	0.075***	0.053***	0.039***	0.029***	−3.419	−0.074***	−0.060***	−0.035***	−0.030***	3.270	Indicator 3.4.1: age-standardised death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease in populations aged 30–70 (per 100 000 population)
		(0.009)	(0.012)	(0.010)	(0.010)		(0.009)	(0.010)	(0.011)	(0.010)
		0.000	0.000	0.001	0.007		0.000	0.000	0.003	0.004
26	NTD Prev	−0.144***	−0.169***	−0.143***	−0.130***	0.728	0.142***	0.165***	0.137***	0.124***	−0.838	Indicator 3.3.5: age-standardised prevalence of the sum of 15 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) (%)
		(0.009)	(0.014)	(0.018)	(0.017)		(0.010)	(0.015)	−0.019	(0.019)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
27	Neonatal Mort	−0.003	0.004	0.009	0.011	0.507	−0.003	−0.010	−0.011	−0.016	−0.471	Indicator 3.2.2: neonatal mortality rate (probability of dying during the first 28 days of life per 1000 live births)
		(0.020)	(0.016)	(0.017)	(0.019)		(0.020)	(0.016)	(0.017)	(0.019)
		0.881	0.821	0.615	0.577		0.891	0.560	0.538	0.384
31	Poisoning Mort	−0.048	−0.076*	−0.041	−0.045	0.055	0.039	0.033	0.054	0.035	−0.072	Indicator 3.9.3: age-standardised death rate due to unintentional poisonings (per 100 000 population)
		(0.039)	(0.044)	(0.045)	(0.038)		(0.040)	(0.046)	(0.044)	(0.039)
		0.228	0.095	0.364	0.253		0.336	0.479	0.234	0.378
32	Road Inj Mort	0.011	0.002	−0.009	−0.008	−0.726	−0.013	−0.011	0.013	0.008	0.802	Indicator 3.6.1: age-standardised death rate due to road injuries (per 100 000 population)
		(0.018)	(0.019)	(0.020)	(0.019)		(0.018)	(0.019)	(0.020)	(0.019)
		0.553	0.911	0.648	0.661		0.469	0.558	0.528	0.663
35	Skilled Birth Attend	0.288***	0.340***	0.230	0.263**	−0.175	−0.297***	−0.251**	−0.292**	−0.274**	0.162	Indicator 3.1.2: proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%)
		(0.087)	(0.108)	(0.139)	(0.113)		(0.086)	(0.116)	(0.135)	(0.113)
		0.002	0.004	0.110	0.027		0.002	0.039	0.039	0.021
36	Smoking Prev	0.142***	0.143***	0.119***	0.110***	−1.151	−0.147***	−0.156***	−0.131***	−0.122***	0.976	Indicator 3.a.1: age-standardised prevalence of current smoking in populations aged 10 and older (%)
		(0.017)	(0.020)	(0.024)	(0.022)		(0.016)	(0.016)	(0.022)	(0.020)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
37	Suicide Mort	0.042	0.031	0.029	0.032	−0.231	−0.033	−0.029	−0.014	−0.027	0.139	Indicator 3.4.2: age-standardised death rate due to self-harm (per 100 000 population)
		(0.033)	(0.034)	(0.029)	(0.028)		(0.033)	(0.034)	(0.029)	(0.028)
		0.209	0.367	0.328	0.266		0.327	0.394	0.644	0.349
38	TB Incid	−0.066	−0.058	−0.030	−0.046	0.293	0.078*	0.066	0.075	0.070	−0.119	Indicator 3.3.2: age-standardised rate of tuberculosis cases (per 100 000 population)
		(0.043)	(0.042)	(0.061)	(0.053)		(0.043)	(0.041)	(0.059)	(0.052)
		0.137	0.174	0.630	0.388		0.077	0.119	0.217	0.184
39	UHC Serv Cov Index	0.050***	0.048***	0.039***	0.042***	−0.595	−0.048***	−0.041***	−0.034***	−0.036***	0.807	Indicator 3.8.1: coverage of essential health services, as defined by the UHC service coverage index comprised the coverage of nine tracer interventions and 32 causes amenable to healthcare (scale of 0–100)
		(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.009)		(0.011)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.010)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001
40	Under-5 Mort	−0.105***	−0.095***	−0.084***	−0.075***	1.500	0.101***	0.086***	0.078***	0.066***	−1.635	Indicator 3.2.1: under-5 mortality rate (probability of dying before the age of 5 per 1000 live births)
		(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.017)	(0.016)		(0.013)	(0.014)	(0.018)	(0.017)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001
41	Vaccine Cov	−0.065***	−0.072***	−0.134***	−0.148***	−1.928	0.066***	0.076***	0.142***	0.153***	2.062	Indicator 3.b.1: coverage of eight vaccines in target populations (%)
		(0.022)	(0.020)	(0.034)	(0.037)		(0.022)	(0.019)	(0.033)	(0.036)
		0.006	0.001	0.000	0.000		0.004	0.000	0.000	0.000
42	WaSH Mort	−0.327***	−0.304***	−0.235***	−0.211***	1.647	0.334***	0.299***	0.227***	0.205***	−1.855	Indicator 3.9.2: age-standardised death rate attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) (per 100 000 population)
		(0.055)	(0.048)	(0.047)	(0.044)		(0.053)	(0.049)	(0.048)	(0.045)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
21	Int Partner Viol	−0.055	−0.063	−0.043	−0.076	−0.198	0.045	0.043	0.035	0.042	−0.028	Indicator 5.2.1: age-standardised prevalence of ever-partnered women aged 15 years and older who experienced physical or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in the last 12 months (%)
		(0.073)	(0.075)	(0.080)	(0.077)		(0.073)	(0.076)	(0.081)	(0.078)
		0.453	0.408	0.597	0.335		0.541	0.573	0.665	0.597
28	Non-Int Partner Sex Viol	−0.101	−0.095	−0.073	−0.078	0.256	0.097	0.102	0.098	0.102	0.056	Indicator 5.2.2: age-standardised prevalence of women aged 15 years and older who experienced physical or sexual violence by non-intimate partner in the last 12 months (%)
		(0.064)	(0.064)	(0.061)	(0.063)		(0.064)	(0.063)	(0.060)	(0.062)
		0.122	0.147	0.245	0.228		0.138	0.117	0.115	0.113
20	Hygiene	−0.251***	−0.178***	−0.076***	−0.061***	7.121	0.261***	0.186***	0.079***	0.062***	−8.372	Indicator 6.2.1b: risk-weighted prevalence of populations without access to a handwashing facility, as measured by the SEV for unsafe hygiene (%)
		(0.026)	(0.022)	(0.009)	(0.006)		(0.023)	(0.019)	(0.008)	(0.006)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
33	Sanitation	−0.213***	−0.267***	−0.296***	−0.267***	−0.682	0.218***	0.256***	0.301***	0.272***	0.694	Indicator 6.2.1a: risk-weighted prevalence of populations using unsafe or unimproved sanitation, as measured by the SEV for unsafe sanitation (%)
		(0.070)	(0.047)	(0.041)	(0.037)		(0.069)	(0.049)	(0.039)	(0.036)
		0.005	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.004	0.000	0.000	0.000
43	Water	−0.397***	−0.381***	−0.281***	−0.244***	3.201	0.410***	0.398***	0.295***	0.255***	−3.744	Indicator 6.1.1: risk-weighted prevalence of populations using unsafe or unimproved water sources, as measured by the SEV for unsafe water (%)
		(0.038)	(0.045)	(0.034)	(0.029)		(0.033)	(0.040)	(0.029)	(0.025)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
12	HH Air Poll	−0.427***	−0.475***	−0.488***	−0.463***	−0.856	0.429***	0.480***	0.498***	0.473***	1.198	Indicator 7.1.2: risk-weighted prevalence of household air pollution, as measured by the SEV for household air pollution (%)
		(0.020)	(0.030)	(0.038)	(0.037)		(0.018)	(0.026)	(0.033)	(0.032)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
29	Occ Burden	−0.027***	−0.021***	−0.017***	−0.014**	1.664	0.025***	0.017**	0.015**	0.011*	−1.650	Indicator 8.8.1: age-standardised all-cause disability-adjusted life year rates attributable to occupational risks (per 100 000 population)
		(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.006)	(0.005)		(0.006)	(0.007)	(0.006)	(0.006)
		0.000	0.003	0.007	0.012		0.000	0.021	0.013	0.057
24	Mean PM2.5	0.027*	0.041***	0.044***	0.047***	1.010	−0.025*	−0.037**	−0.039***	−0.040***	−0.758	Indicator 11.6.2: population-weighted mean levels of fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5)
		(0.014)	(0.013)	(0.012)	(0.014)		(0.014)	(0.014)	(0.013)	(0.014)
		0.064	0.005	0.001	0.002		0.096	0.012	0.005	0.010
6	Child Sex Abuse	−0.046***	−0.034***	−0.030***	−0.031***	0.881	0.046***	0.034***	0.030***	0.031***	−0.881	Indicator 16.2.3: age-standardised prevalence of women and men aged 18–29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18 (%)
		(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.011)		(0.013)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.011)
		0.001	0.002	0.003	0.007		0.001	0.002	0.004	0.007
9	Conflict Mort	0.071	0.028	0.000	0.000	−0.362	0.004	−0.017	0.000	0.000	−0.020	Indicator 16.1.2: death rate due to conflict and terrorism (per 100 000 population)
		(0.196)	(0.071)	(0.000)	(0.000)		(0.196)	(0.071)	(0.000)	(0.000)
		0.720	0.698		.		0.983	0.809		.
19	Homicide	−0.104**	−0.085*	0.081	−0.028	1.303	0.099*	0.068	−0.010	0.034	−1.099	Indicator 16.1.1: age-standardised death rate due to interpersonal violence (per 100 000 population)
		(0.050)	(0.048)	(0.124)	(0.030)		(0.051)	(0.049)	(0.125)	(0.030)
		0.049	0.087	0.521	0.366		0.060	0.177	0.934	0.264
30	Physical Violence	0.000	0.000***	0.000**	−0.000	0.000	−0.000	−0.000***	−0.000*	0.000	0.000	Indicator 16.1.3a: age-standardised prevalence of physical violence experienced by populations in the past 12 months (%)
		(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)		(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
		0.106	0.001	0.048	0.228		0.169	0.000	0.066	0.170
34	Sexual Violence	0.030***	0.014***	0.007***	0.005**	−5.590	−0.031***	−0.013***	−0.008***	−0.005***	5.814	Indicator 16.1.3c: age-standardised prevalence of sexual violence experienced by populations in the past 12 months (%)
		(0.004)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.002)		(0.004)	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.002)
		0.000	0.000	0.003	0.018		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.007
4	Cert Death Reg	0.158***	0.130***	0.069***	0.048***	−3.280	−0.157***	−0.122***	−0.071***	−0.048***	3.250	Indicator 17.19.2 c: percentage of well-certified deaths by a vital registration system among a country’s total population (%)
		(0.030)	(0.026)	(0.013)	(0.015)		(0.030)	(0.027)	(0.013)	(0.015)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.003		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.002
10	Disaster Mort	0.284	−0.083	−0.079	−0.295	−1.266	−0.355	0.087	0.021	0.268	1.366	Indicator 1.5.1: death rate due to exposure to forces of nature (per 100 000 population)
		(0.394)	(0.065)	(0.077)	(0.232)		(0.392)	(0.065)	(0.079)	(0.233)
		0.476	0.212	0.313	0.215		0.372	0.187	0.788	0.260
5	Child Overweight	0.148***	0.133***	0.086***	0.084***	−3.119	−0.142***	−0.126***	−0.082***	−0.077***	2.867	Indicator 2.2.2b: prevalence of overweight in children aged 2–4 (%)
		(0.015)	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.014)		(0.017)	(0.017)	(0.015)	(0.015)
		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
7	Child Stunting	−0.118***	−0.118**	−0.111**	−0.137***	−0.340	0.115***	0.086*	0.105**	0.128***	0.227	Indicator 2.2.1: prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years (%)
		(0.041)	(0.043)	(0.043)	(0.038)		(0.042)	(0.046)	(0.044)	(0.039)
		0.008	0.011	0.015	0.001		0.010	0.068	0.023	0.003
8	Child Wasting	−0.070***	−0.042*	−0.034	−0.035*	1.207	0.071***	0.042*	0.025	0.028	−1.520	Indicator 2.2.2a: prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years (%)
		(0.021)	(0.022)	(0.021)	(0.020)		(0.020)	(0.022)	(0.022)	(0.020)
		0.002	0.062	0.121	0.084		0.001	0.063	0.251	0.167
			2008	2012	2018			2008	2012	2018
45	Financial Protection		−0.187***	−0.061**	−0.010	4.306		0.163***	0.043	−0.006	−3.823
			(0.031)	(0.027)	(0.027)			(0.035)	(0.028)	(0.027)
			0.000	0.031	0.704			0.000	0.142	0.818

*t value for the difference between 2017 and 1990; reference values for one-side tail and 30 freedom degrees: 1.6973 for p<0.05 and 1.3104 for p<0.10
NCD, non-communicable disease.