Characteristics of 6291 individuals from 24 sites included in the analytic sample for water-fetching injury, by region
| Site | Reporting any injury, % | Female, % | Age, mean (SD) | Socioeconomic standing, mean (SD)* | Rural, periurban, urban, % | Water insecurity score, mean (SD)† | On-premise water source, %‡ | Hours spent fetching water/week, median (IQR) | Respondent responsible for water fetching, %§ |
| Africa | |||||||||
| Kisumu, Kenya (n=238) | 31.9 | 80.4 | 39.8 (15.3) | 7.7 (1.6) | 94.1, 5.9, 0.0 | 11.7 (5.6) | 25.2 | 3.3 (12.6) | 71.9 |
| Accra, Ghana¶ (n=193) | 23.8 | 79.8 | 36.3 (12.5) | 6.5 (2.5) | 0.0, 100, 0.0 | 6.1 (6.4) | 0.0 | 1.0 (4.0) | 50.3 |
| Lilongwe, Malawi (n=126) | 17.5 | 88.9 | 30.9 (11.0) | 7.3 (1.8) | 0.0, 99.2, 0.8 | 7.1 (5.6) | 26.4 | 2.3 (12.7) | 73.0 |
| Lagos, Nigeria (n=174) | 15.5 | 77.7 | 39.4 (11.1) | 5.4 (2.1) | 0.0, 29.9, 70.1 | 2.5 (3.3) | 0.0 | 0.8 (1.5) | 36.8 |
| Kahemba, Democratic Republic of Congo (n=389) | 15.2 | 65.6 | 38.4 (14.7) | 8.0 (1.6) | 0.3, 99.7, 0.0 | 15.3 (4.4) | 0.0 | 14.0 (7.0) | 53.5 |
| Kampala, Uganda (n=176) | 13.6 | 71.6 | 36.0 (11.3) | 6.6 (1.5) | 1.1, 88.6, 10.2 | 7.1 (5.4) | 2.8 | 0.4 (1.3) | 59.7 |
| Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (n=259) | 11.6 | 100.0 | 36.0 (13.0) | 5.3 (2.2) | 87.6, 12.4, 0.0 | 4.1 (6.0) | 25.5 | 3.5 (9.3) | 47.5 |
| Singida, Tanzania¶ (n=1005) | 5.5 | 54.2 | 33.3 (9.2) | 3.5 (1.5) | 100.0, 0.0, 0.0 | 1.7 (3.5) | 1.3 | 7.0 (10.5) | 45.5 |
| Latin America and the Caribbean | |||||||||
| Gressier, Haiti (n=289)¶** | 38.4 | 99.0 | 36.2 (14.1) | n/a | 77.6, 22.4, 0.0 | 9.3 (8.4) | 6.7 | n/a | 77.2 |
| Chiquimula, Guatemala¶ (n=134) | 29.1 | 88.8 | 38.6 (15.9) | 8.0 (1.9) | 100.0, 0.0, 0.0 | 7.2 (5.8) | 35.6 | 9.7 (19.3) | 41.8 |
| San Borja, Bolivia¶ (n=202) | 23.3 | 60.2 | 40.0 (14.7) | 5.9 (2.1) | 7.5, 5.8, 86.8 | 16.2 (7.5) | 15.6 | 0.1 (1.3) | 45.6 |
| Cartagena, Colombia¶ (n=198) | 23.2 | 68.2 | 40.6 (15.1) | 7.3 (2.3) | 0.0, 0.0, 100.0 | 20.6 (5.8) | 37.9 | 2.0 (4.5) | 60.3 |
| Acatenango, Guatemala (n=58) | 10.3 | 94.3 | 48.9 (16.7) | 5.2 (2.7) | 62.5, 0.0, 37.5 | 5.5 (7.5) | 33.3 | 0.0 (0.0) | 33.3 |
| Torreon, Mexico (n=248) | 3.2 | 73.0 | 46.2 (16.6) | 5.4 (2.2) | 0.0, 79.8, 20.2 | 8.3 (8.1) | 27.0 | 0.1 (0.3) | 59.4 |
| Honda, Colombia (n=48) | 0.0 | 72.3 | 46.1 (17.8) | 5.9 (1.9) | 0.0, 2.1, 97.9 | 2.5 (3.2) | 41.7 | 0.0 (0.0) | 31.3 |
| South Asia | |||||||||
| Punjab, Pakistan¶ (n=234) | 29.1 | 57.3 | 35.9 (10.1) | 7.4 (1.6) | 68.4, 28.2, 3.4 | 19.6 (5.6) | 30.7 | 8.8 (8.3) | 0.9 |
| Rajasthan, India¶ (n=245) | 17.1 | 26.9 | 41.8 (13.1) | 7.4 (1.8) | 100.0, 0.0, 0.0 | 12.6 (6.7) | 5.6 | 3.5 (7.0) | 37.9 |
| Chakaria and Dhaka, Bangladesh (n=506) | 13.0 | 97.0 | 34.4 (12.6) | 6.3 (1.7) | 50.0, 0.0, 50.0 | 5.9 (7.6) | 50.2 | 1.2 (3.7) | 53.6 |
| Pune, India (n=180) | 5.0 | 100.0 | 29.5 (5.8) | 5.3 (2.1) | 12.8, 10.6, 76.7 | 1.5 (3.8) | 89.4 | 0.0 (0.0) | 77.2 |
| Kathmandu, Nepal (n=239) | 1.7 | 70.3 | 41.3 (13.2) | 6.3 (1.7) | 0.0, 0.0, 100.0 | 5.4 (4.8) | 31.9 | 0.0 (0.1) | 68.2 |
| East Asia and Pacific | |||||||||
| Labuan Bajo, Indonesia (n=197) | 15.7 | 45.7 | 39.3 (11.9) | 7.6 (1.5) | 21.3, 45.7, 33.0 | 15.0 (7.1) | 6.2 | 0.5 (1.5) | 28.9 |
| Middle East and North Africa | |||||||||
| Sistan and Balochistan, Iran (n=304) | 3.0 | 99.0 | 33.3 (10.9) | 6.9 (2.4) | 39.8, 7.9, 52.3 | 5.7 (6.0) | 21.7 | 1.5 (1.3) | 7.9 |
| Beirut, Lebanon¶ (n=573) | 2.6 | 63.7 | 43.0 (14.9) | 6.3 (2.5) | 0.0, 0.2, 99.8 | 6.8 (6.6) | 4.0 | 0.0 (0.4) | 72.6 |
| Central Asia | |||||||||
| Dushanbe, Tajikistan (n=76) | 6.6 | 67.1 | 42.4 (14.7) | 6.4 (1.8) | 0.0, 0.0, 100.0 | 9.1 (5.3) | 26.8 | 2.0 (4.3) | 43.4 |
| Total | 13.4 | 72.3 | 37.6 (13.5) | 6.1 (2.4) | 43.1, 23.1, 33.8 | 7.2 (7.7) | 18.4 | 1.5 (7.0) | 50.7 |
*Using MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status; score out of 10, with 10 being the highest, comparing one’s own standing to the community.
†Score out of 33, where higher scores indicate greater household water insecurity.
‡On-premise or neighbouring plot, compared with small vended quantity, off-premise with queueing and surface waters.
§Compared with shared responsibility, or responsibility of spouse, child or other family.
¶Some respondents in these sites reported >1 injury.
**In Gressier, socioeconomic standing was asked as a three-part question, and we therefore could not compute a score; time to water source was asked as a categorical variable, so these data were also not available.