Country | Kenya | Tanzania | Rwanda | Malawi |
Total population (thousands)* | 51 393 | 56 318 | 12 302 | 18 143 |
GDP per capita (US$ current)* | 3468 | 3240 | 2252 | 1311 |
Life expectancy (years)* | 66 | 65 | 69 | 64 |
Population density (persons per km2)* | 90.3 | 63.6 | 498.7 | 192.4 |
% Rural* | 73 | 66 | 83 | 83 |
Districts (no) | 47 | 171 | 30 | 27 |
Health centres (no)† | 1038 | 675 | 486 | 457 |
Average population per health centre† | 49 512 | 83 434 | 25 313 | 39 700 |
Median district-level travel time to health centre (min, median (IQR))† | 44.8 (20.0–74.5) | 84.9 (53.2–132.7) | 19.5 (14.4–26.9) | 55.7 (49.2–67.2) |
Top five most frequent cancers‡ | Breast, cervix, oesophagus, prostate, colorectum | Cervix, prostate, breast, colorectum, Kaposi sarcoma | Cervix, breast, colorectum, stomach, liver | Cervix, Kaposi sarcoma, oesophagus, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast |
Total cancer deaths‡ | 32 987 | 28 610 | 7662 | 13 779 |
Age-standardised cancer mortality rate per 100 000‡ | 129.2 | 94.6 | 104.8 | 123.7 |
Cancer referral centres (no)§ | 12 | 10 | 6 | 6 |
Median district-level travel time to cancer research centre (min, median (IQR))† | 127.7 (73.2–220.4) | 356.0 (211.3–647.1) | 59.9 (44.7–92.8) | 296.2 (238.1–520.1) |
*World Bank Development Indicators (2018).28
†Authors’ analysis of Maina et al. Geospatial Database of Health Facilities in sub-Saharan Africa (2019) (see text).30
‡International Agency for Research on Cancer, Cancer Today Country Factsheets (2018).29
§Global Oncology Project Map (2020).32
GDP, gross domestic product.