Table 4

Efficacy of named interventions evaluated more than once

Intervention	Number RCTs	Number QE	Intervention studies	Risk of bias	Countries	WB country income	SRHR domain 1–7†	Outcome level/conclusions (+: positive effect; −: nil effect, −: some positive/nil effects)
Intervention	Number RCTs	Number QE	Intervention studies	Risk of bias	Countries	WB country income	SRHR domain 1–7†	Behavioural	Attitudinal	Biological	Overall
C-Change	2	0	152 Schuler (2012)*	High	Tanzania	LIC	1	–	+		+-
C-Change	2	0	153 Schuler (2012)*	High	Guatemala	MIC	1	–	+		+-
Coaching Boys into Men	1	1	121 Miller (2012)	Some concerns	USA	HIC	6	+−	+−		+−
			122 Miller (2014)*	Moderate	India	MIC	7	+−	+−
			35 Das (2012)*	Serious	India	MIC	7	+−	+
Duluth Model	6	2	56 Feder (2000)	High	USA	HIC	7	-		-	–
			57 Feder (2002)	High				-	-
			58 Feder (2004)	High				-	-
			110 Labriola (2005)	High	USA	HIC	7	–
			36 Davis (2000)*	High	USA	HIC	7	+−
			164 Taylor (2009)*	High	USA	HIC	7	+−
			119 Maxwell (2004)*	High	USA	HIC	7	+
			163 Taylor (2001)*	High	USA	HIC	7	+−
			75 Harrel (1991)*	Serious	USA	HIC	7	–	–
			112 Lin (2009)*	Serious	Nepal	LIC	7	+−
Male Norms Initiative	0	2	141 Pulerwitz (2006)	Serious	Brazil	MIC	4 to 7	+	+	+	+
Male Norms Initiative	0	2	142 Pulerwitz (2010)	Moderate	USA	HIC	4 to 7	+	+		+
Program H	0	4	141 Pulerwitz (2006)*	Serious	Brazil	MIC	3	+	+	+	+
			142 Pulerwitz (2010)*	Serious	Ethiopia	LIC	4 to 7	+	+
			169 Verma (2008)*	Moderate	India	MIC	3	+	+
			85 Instituto Promundo (2012)*	Serious	Brazil, India, Chile	MIC, HIC	7	+	+
Safe Dates	2	0	60 Foshee (1998)	High	USA	HIC	6	+	+	+−	+−
			61 Foshee (2000)	High				–	+−
			63 Foshee (2005)	High				+	+
			62 Foshee (2004)*	High	USA	HIC	6	–
Stepping Stones	3	1	91 Jewkes (2008)	High	South Africa	MIC	4 to 7	+−		+−	+−
			85 Instituto Promundo (2012)*	Serious	Brazil, India, Chile	MIC, HIC	7	+	+
			152 Schuler (2012)*	High	Tanzania	LIC	1	–	+
			153 Schuler (2012)*	High	Guatemala	MIC	1	–	+

*Study/Paper examines adaptation or element of intervention.
†WHO SRHR domains: (1) helping people realise their desired family size; (2) ensuring the health of pregnant women/girls and their new-born infants; (3) preventing unsafe abortion; (4) promoting sexual health and well-being; (5) promoting sexual and reproductive health in disease outbreaks; (6) promoting healthy adolescence for a healthy future; (7) preventing and responding to violence against women/girls.
HIC, high-income country; LIC, low-income country; MIC, middle-income country; ; QE, quasi-experimental study; RCT, randomised controlled trial; SRHR, sexual and reproductive health and rights; WB, World Bank.