Relationship between correlates and childhood morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa
| Variables | Had fever (n=189 069) | Had cough (n=189 069) | Had diarrhoea (n=189 069) | ||||||
| No n (%) | Yes n (%) | P value | No n (%) | Yes n (%) | P value | No n (%) | Yes n (%) | P value | |
| Mother’s age | 147 083 (77.8) | 41 986 (22.2) | 145 324 (76.9) | 43 709 (23.1) | 158 885 (84.0) | 30 205 (16.0) | |||
| 15–24 | 40 550 (76.5) | 12 433 (23.5) | 39 726 (75.0) | 13 249 (25.0) | 42 709 (80.6) | 10 278 (19.4) | |||
| 25–34 | 72 025 (78.3) | 19 968 (21.7) | 70 964 (77.2) | 21 010 (22.8) | 78 009 (84.8) | 13 997 (15.2) | |||
| 35+ | 34 508 (78.3) | 9585 (21.7) | <0.001 | 34 634 (78.6) | 9450 (21.4) | <0.001 | 38 167 (86.6) | 5930 (13.4) | <0.001 |
| Education | |||||||||
| None | 61 694 (79.6) | 15 849 (20.4) | 64 353 (83.0) | 13 165 (17.0) | 65 514 (84.5) | 12 046 (15.5) | |||
| Primary | 48 041 (75.0) | 15 991 (25.0) | 46 529 (72.7) | 17 501 (27.3) | 53 000 (82.8) | 11 035 (17.2) | |||
| Secondary/higher | 37 348 (78.6) | 10 146 (21.4) | <0.001 | 34 442 (72.5) | 13 043 (27.5) | <0.001 | 40 371 (85.0) | 7124 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| Household wealth | |||||||||
| Poorest | 38 207 (76.6) | 11 674 (23.4) | 38 525 (77.3) | 11 346 (22.7) | 41 449 (83.1) | 8438 (16.9) | |||
| Poorer | 31 283 (76.6) | 9541 (23.4) | 31 502 (77.2) | 9313 (22.8) | 33 892 (83.0) | 6939 (17.0) | |||
| Middle | 28 210 (77.7) | 8099 (22.3) | 28 054 (77.3) | 8251 (22.7) | 30 528 (84.1) | 5784 (15.9) | |||
| Richer | 26 123 (78.6) | 7101 (21.4) | 25 480 (76.7) | 7732 (23.3) | 28 123 (84.6) | 5103 (15.4) | |||
| Richest | 23 260 (80.7) | 5571 (19.3) | <0.001 | 21 763 (75.5) | 7067 (24.5) | <0.001 | 24 893 (86.3) | 3941 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 45 365 (79.3) | 11 820 (20.7) | 43 286 (75.7) | 13 891 (24.3) | 48 438 (84.7) | 8756 (15.3) | |||
| Rural | 101 718 (77.1) | 30 166 (22.9) | <0.001 | 102 038 (77.4) | 29 818 (22.6) | <0.001 | 110 447 (83.7) | 21 449 (16.3) | <0.001 |
| Employment | |||||||||
| Not working | 57 101 (81.0) | 13 358 (19.0) | 55 850 (79.3) | 14 596 (20.7) | 59 368 (84.2) | 11 104 (15.8) | |||
| Working | 82 252 (75.9) | 26 127 (24.1) | <0.001 | 82 906 (76.5) | 25 452 (23.5) | <0.001 | 90 852 (83.8) | 17 532 (16.2) | 0.018 |
| Media exposure | |||||||||
| Not exposed | 55 704 (78.2) | 15 575 (21.9) | 56 507 (79.3) | 14 754 (20.7) | 59 805 (83.9) | 11 489 (16.1) | |||
| Exposed | 91 181 (77.6) | 26 330 (22.4) | 0.005 | 88 612 (75.4) | 28 881 (24.6) | <0.001 | 98 847 (84.1) | 18 672 (15.9) | 0.193 |
| ANC attendance | |||||||||
| Never attended | 13 127 (78.2) | 3667 (21.8) | 13 579 (80.9) | 3212 (19.1) | 13 863 (82.5) | 2933 (17.5) | |||
| Attended | 87 661 (75.4) | 28 559 (24.6) | <0.001 | 85 769 (73.8) | 30 441 (26.2) | <0.001 | 94 270 (81.1) | 21 952 (18.9) | <0.001 |
| Sex of child | |||||||||
| Male | 73 928 (77.6) | 21 397 (22.4) | 73 337 (77.0) | 21 972 (23.0) | 79 589 (83.5) | 15 751 (16.5) | |||
| Female | 73 155 (78.0) | 20 589 (22.0) | 0.011 | 71 987 (76.8) | 21 737 (23.2) | 0.473 | 79 296 (84.0) | 14 454 (16.0) | <0.001 |
| Child’s age (months) | |||||||||
| 0–11 | 32 928 (78.3) | 9110 (21.7) | 32 016 (76.2) | 10 016 (23.8) | 34 213 (81.4) | 7825 (18.6) | |||
| 12–23 | 28 408 (72.6) | 10 748 (27.4) | 28 559 (73.0) | 10 590 (27.0) | 29 189 (74.5) | 9970 (25.5) | |||
| 24–59 | 85 747 (79.5) | 22 128 (20.5) | <0.001 | 84 749 (78.6) | 23 103 (21.4) | <0.001 | 95 483 (88.5) | 12 410 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| Ever had vaccine | |||||||||
| No | 11 081 (83.3) | 2216 (16.7) | 11 348 (85.4) | 1946 (14.6) | 11 574 (87.0) | 1727 (13.0) | |||
| Yes | 37 101 (76.0) | 11 693 (24.0) | <0.001 | 37 118 (76.1) | 11 654 (23.9) | <0.001 | 40 244 (82.5) | 8557 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| Birth order | |||||||||
| First-order birth | 82 792 (78.4) | 22 812 (21.6) | 80 074 (75.8) | 25 517 (24.2) | 88 713 (84.0) | 16 908 (16.0) | |||
| Second-order birth | 45 001 (77.4) | 13 120 (22.6) | 45 363 (78.1) | 12 745 (21.9) | 48 914 (84.2) | 9208 (15.8) | |||
| Third or higher order birth | 19 290 (76.1) | 6054 (23.9) | <0.001 | 19 887 (78.5) | 5447 (21.5) | <0.001 | 21 258 (83.9) | 4089 (16.1) | 0.519 |
| Child’s size at birth | |||||||||
| Large | 47 096 (76.4) | 14 562 (23.6) | 46 827 (76.0) | 14 822 (24.0) | 51 136 (82.9) | 10 526 (17.1) | |||
| Average | 67 693 (79.6) | 17 338 (20.4) | 67 422 (79.3) | 17 643 (20.7) | 72 709 (85.4) | 12 385 (14.6) | |||
| Small | 22 132 (75.6) | 7145 (24.4) | <0.001 | 22 022 (75.2) | 7246 (24.8) | <0.001 | 23 857 (81.5) | 5423 (18.5) | <0.001 |
| Source of water | |||||||||
| Improved | 94 890 (78.0) | 26 776 (22.0) | 93 071 (76.5) | 28 565 (23.5) | 102 471 (84.2) | 19 205 (15.8) | |||
| Non-improved | 49 569 (77.4) | 14 461 (22.6) | 0.004 | 49 768 (77.7) | 14 256 (22.3) | <0.001 | 53 660 (83.8) | 10 381 (16.2) | 0.017 |
| Type of toilet facility | |||||||||
| Improved | 56 106 (78.3) | 15 552 (21.7) | 53 814 (75.1) | 17 804 (24.9) | 60 637 (84.7) | 10 995 (15.4) | |||
| Non-improved | 88 346 (77.5) | 25 722 (22.5) | <0.001 | 89 014 (78.1) | 25 028 (21.9) | <0.001 | 95 494 (83.7) | 18 591 (16.3) | <0.001 |
ANC, antenatal care.