Simulated lifetime LE, QALYs and direct healthcare costs for Ghanaian population aged 50 years
| Outcomes average (95% CI) | Female | Male | ||||||
| All | Healthy weight | Overweight | Obese | All | Healthy weight | Overweight | Obese | |
| LE (years) | 24.07 (23.88 to 24.54) | 25.58 (25.39 to 25.77) | 23.50 (23.31 to 23.69) | 21.30 (21.12 to 21.48) | 22.12 (21.92 to 22.55) | 22.99 (22.79 to 23.19) | 20.67 (20.48 to 20.86) | 17.62 (17.45 to 17.79) |
| QALYs | 22.00 (21.82 to 22.43) | 23.00 (22.84 to 23.16) | 21.00 (20.84 to 21.16) | 19.00 (18.84 to 19.66) | 20.00 (19.82 to 20.39) | 21.00 (20.82 to 21.18) | 19.00 (18.82 to 19.18) | 16.00 (15.84 to 16.16) |
| OOP costs (US$) | 461 (458 to 470) | 258 (256 to 260) | 506 (503 to 509) | 752 (747 to 757) | 322 (320 to 328) | 238 (236 to 240) | 459 (456-462) | 670 (664-675) |
| Median | 493 | 301 | 542 | 816 | 346 | 260 | 496 | 711 |
| SD | 147 | 82 | 158 | 258 | 114 | 81 | 170 | 274 |
| NHIS costs (US$) | 718 (713 to 732) | 361 (359 to 363) | 792 (787 to 797) | 1305 (1296 to 1313) | 484 (481 to 494) | 333 (331 to 335) | 719 (713-724) | 1162 (1152–1171) |
| Median | 763 | 383 | 848 | 1416 | 517 | 364 | 776 | 1233 |
| SD | 230 | 102 | 247 | 448 | 174 | 113 | 267 | 475 |
| Total costs (US$) | 1145 (1138 to 1167) | 619 (616 to 622) | 1298 (1290 to 1306) | 2057 (2043 to 2071) | 806 (800 to 822) | 571 (567 to 575) | 1177 (1169–1186) | 1831 (1817–1846) |
| Median | 1227 | 657 | 1390 | 2232 | 863 | 624 | 1272 | 1945 |
| SD | 355 | 174 | 405 | 706 | 288 | 193 | 437 | 749 |
Costs estimated in US$ at the 2017 average rate (US$1≈ GHS 4.3562).
LE, Life expectancy; NHIS, National Health Insurance Scheme; OOP, out of pocket; QALYs, quality adjusted life expectancy.