Table 3

Descriptive statistics for dependent and independent variables stratified by inclusion of H1N1 and covariates stratified by exposure to previous epidemics

Variables	Mean or number	SEM or proportion	N	Mean or number	SEM or proportion	N
Including H1N1				Excluding H1N1
Dependent variable
First policy delay since 5 January to 2020	53.63	0.99	846	53.63	0.99	846
Independent variables
Any epidemics in last 20 years	246	0.25	846	186	0.22	846
Total cases due to epidemics in last 20 years	243.26	50.24	846	241.83	50.24	846
Number of years since last epidemics	8.92	0.34	289	9.24	0.38	270

Covariates
With epidemics exposure				Without epidemics exposure
Corrupt	54.83	1.37	208	41.49	0.71	638
GDP per capita	27 197	1539	203	12 649	784	617
Total health expenditure per capita	7.21	0.23	202	6.34	0.09	605
Executive branching leaning			202			557
Right	58	0.29		97	0.17
Centre	15	0.07		54	0.1
Left	52	0.26		130	0.23
No information	77	0.38		276	0.5
WHO Region*			208			638
AFRO	26	0.13		170	0.26
AMRO	16	0.08		142	0.22
EMRO	43	0.21		58	0.09
EURO	49	0.24		207	0.32
SEARO	15	0.07		32	0.05
WPRO	59	0.28		29	0.05

*The WHO regions are defined as follows: AFRO, African region; AMRO, Americas; EMRO, Eastern Mediterranean; EURO, European Region; SEARO, South-East Asia Region and WPRO, Western Pacific Region.
N, number of observations.