Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions of the relationship between key EENC clinical practice steps and exclusive breastfeeding, assessments in 150 hospitals, eight countries, 2016–2017
| Independent variable | Term babies (N=1383) | |||||
| Not EBF, n (%) | EBF, n (%) | Bivariate OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| During delivery process | ||||||
| Mode of delivery | ||||||
| Caesarean section | 70 (29.3) | 169 (70.7) | 1 | – | ||
| Vaginal delivery | 156 (13.8) | 977 (86.2) | 2.59 (1.87 to 3.59) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.58 to 1.58) | 0.86 |
| Companion of choice | ||||||
| No companion of choice | 194 (18.0) | 886 (82.0) | 1 | – | ||
| Having a companion of choice | 33 (11.0) | 266 (89.0) | 1.76 (1.19 to 2.62) | 0.005 | 0.89 (0.56 to 1.43) | 0.64 |
| Position during delivery | ||||||
| Supine position | 59 (8.9) | 603 (91.1) | 1 | – | ||
| Non-supine position | 169 (23.5) | 551 (76.5) | 3.13 (2.28 to 4.31) | <0.001 | 2.80 (1.90 to 4.11) | <0.001 |
| Eating and drinking during labour | ||||||
| Not allowed to eat or drink | 108 (24.6) | 331 (75.4) | 1 | – | ||
| Encouraged to eat and drink | 118 (12.6) | 820 (87.4) | 2.27 (1.70 to 3.03) | <0.001 | 1.30 (0.91 to 1.87) | 0.15 |
| Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) duration after birth | ||||||
| No SSC | 39 (32.2) | 82 (67.8) | 1 | – | ||
| SSC duration <10 min | 32 (24.1) | 101 (75.9) | 1.50 (0.87 to 2.60) | 0.15 | 1.52 (0.81 to 2.87) | 0.20 |
| SSC duration 10–29 min | 38 (21.5) | 139 (78.5) | 1.74 (1.03 to 2.94) | 0.04 | 1.55 (0.84 to 2.86) | 0.16 |
| SSC duration 30–59 min | 27 (11.5) | 207 (88.5) | 3.64 (2.10 to 6.34) | <0.001 | 3.54 (1.88 to 6.66) | <0.001 |
| SSC duration 60–89 min | 11 (7.3) | 139 (92.7) | 6.01 (2.92 to 12.38) | <0.001 | 5.61 (2.51 to 12.58) | <0.001 |
| SSC duration ≥90 min | 51 (10.0) | 457 (90.0) | 4.26 (2.64 to 6.88) | <0.001 | 3.78 (2.12 to 6.74) | <0.001 |
EBF, exclusive breastfeeding; EENC, early essential newborn care.