Table 3

Crude and adjusted association between maternal age group and early initiation of breastfeeding (n=4844)

Factor	Distribution of the sample		Initiated breastfeeding early	Crude analysis			Multivariable analysis
Factor	%	95% CI	%	OR	95% CI	Wald p value	aOR	95% CI	Wald p value
Age group
<18.0	12.6	11.4 to 13.7	43.7	0.64	0.52 to 0.78	<0.001	0.99	0.78 to 1.28	0.980
18.0–19.9	21.7	20.3 to 23.2	51.7	0.88	0.75 to 1.03	0.114	1.06	0.89 to 1.28	0.502
20.0–24.9	65.7	64.0 to 67.5	55.0	REF			REF
Birth order
First	40.0	38.2 to 41.9	52.1	0.95	0.82 to 1.10	0.505	0.75	0.62 to 0.89	0.001
Second and higher	60.0	58.1 to 61.8	53.4	REF			REF
Sex of infant
Male	51.8	50.1 to 53.4	42.3	REF			REF
Female	48.2	46.6 to 49.9	53.4	1.05	0.91 to 1.20	0.509	1.05	0.92 to 1.21	0.464
Wantedness of pregnancy
Wanted	88.1	86.9 to 89.2	52.5	REF			REF
Mistimed/unwanted	11.9	10.8 to 13.1	55.7	1.14	0.93 to 1.40	0.209	0.70	0.54 to 0.91	0.007
Region
North Central	14.3	12.9 to 15.6	74.1	3.59	2.89 to 4.45	<0.001	2.41	1.81 to 3.20	<0.001
North East	21.3	19.4 to 23.3	41.7	0.90	0.73 to 1.11	0.320	0.82	0.66 to 1.03	0.088
North West	40.4	37.9 to 43.0	44.3	REF			REF
South East	7.2	6.3 to 8.2	49.0	1.21	0.91 to 1.59	0.185	0.57	0.32 to 1.02	0.057
South South	7.3	6.5 to 8.1	62.8	2.12	1.61 to 2.79	<0.001	1.22	0.79 to 1.89	0.371
South West	9.5	8.2 to 11.0	77.4	4.30	3.13 to 5.91	<0.001	2.27	1.45 to 3.55	<0.001
Residence
Rural	30.9	28.7 to 33.2	49.4	REF			REF
Urban	69.1	66.8 to 71.3	60.6	1.58	1.33 to 1.87	<0.001	1.11	0.90 to 1.37	0.327
Ethnicity
Igbo, Ijaw/Izon, Ibibio, Ekoi	11.5	10.4 to 12.6	55.9	1.61	1.29 to 2.01	<0.001	1.52	0.90 to 2.56	0.115
Hausa, Fulani, Kanuri/Beriberi	54.6	51.9 to 57.3	44.0	REF			REF
Yoruba, Igala, Tiv	12.2	10.6 to 13.9	77.6	4.41	3.32 to 5.85	<0.001	1.70	1.09 to 2.66	0.020
Other+do not know	21.7	19.6 to 24.0	59.6	1.88	1.56 to 2.67	<0.001	1.42	1.06 to 1.91	0.021
Religion
Christian and other	30.8	28.6 to 33.0	62.7	1.79	1.52 to 2.10	<0.001	1.15	0.87 to 1.52	0.313
Muslim	69.2	67.0 to 71.4	48.5	REF			REF
Marital status at time of birth
Married/cohabiting	5.0	4.3 to 5.9	52.5	REF			REF
Not married	95.0	94.1 to 95.7	60.3	1.38	0.99 to 1.91	0.055	1.14	0.78 to 1.67	0.508
Education of mother
None	47.1	44.5 to 49.5	45.7	REF			REF
Primary	13.1	11.8 to 14.4	51.2	1.25	1.01 to 1.54	0.043	0.87	0.69 to 1.08	0.208
Secondary /higher	39.8	37.6 to 42.1	61.9	1.94	1.66 to 2.26	<0.001	1.00	0.81 to 1.24	0.964
Household wealth quintile
Poorest	23.9	21.8 to 26.3	42.3	REF			REF
Poorer	26.7	24.8 to 28.9	47.9	1.26	1.02 to 1.55	0.036	1.18	0.95 to 1.46	0.131
Middle	21.9	19.8 to 23.8	54.1	1.60	1.28 to 2.01	<0.001	1.38	1.06 to 1.82	0.018
Richer	17.8	16.1 to 19.7	66.9	2.75	2.14 to 3.52	<0.001	2.11	1.57 to 2.82	<0.001
Richest	9.7	8.6 to 10.9	64.0	2.42	1.82 to 3.21	<0.001	1.73	1.18 to 2.52	0.004
Antenatal care
None	25.6	23.5 to 27.7	51.0	REF			REF
1–3 visits	21.6	20.1 to 23.2	46.9	0.85	0.67 to 1.08	0.184	0.73	0.57 to 0.93	0.013
4+ visits	52.8	50.6 to 55.0	56.2	1.23	1.03 to 1.47	0.024	0.83	0.68 to 1.03	0.085
Location of birth
Home	62.4	60.2 to 64.6	47.9	REF			REF
Primary	15.7	14.2 to 17.3	60.9	1.70	1.38 to 2.09	<0.001	1.12	0.89 to 1.40	0.336
Hospital	21.9	20.3 to 23.6	61.3	1.73	1.42 to 2.10	<0.001	1.12	0.88 to 1.40	0.347
Mode of delivery
Vaginal	98.5	98.0 to 98.9	53.3	REF			REF
Csection	1.5	1.2 to 2.0	23.5	0.27	0.13 to 0.55	<0.001	0.13	0.07 to 0.25	<0.001

aOR, adjusted OR.