N countries | N population | Overall | Beneficial | Adverse | ||||||||||
Mean* (SD) | Median | 5th %tile | 95th %tile | Mean* (SD) | Median | 5th %tile | 95th %tile | Mean* (SD) | Median | 5th %tile | 95th %tile | |||
Female | 186 | |||||||||||||
25–44 | 984 854 338 | −0.019 (0.229) | −0.113 | −0.659 | 0.231 | 0.402 (0.145) | 0.352 | 0.195 | 0.686 | −0.421 (0.167) | −0.480 | −0.932 | −0.300 | |
45–69 | 743 253 209 | −0.022 (0.180) | −0.065 | −0.356 | 0.282 | 0.448 (0.154) | 0.392 | 0.235 | 0.763 | −0.470 (0.094) | −0.474 | −0.674 | −0.342 | |
Over 70 | 200 003 197 | −0.056 (0.118) | −0.064 | −0.266 | 0.170 | 0.311 (0.139) | 0.248 | 0.132 | 0.569 | −0.367 (0.102) | −0.314 | −0.543 | −0.213 | |
Male | 186 | |||||||||||||
25–44 | 1,015,812,960 | −0.064 (0.276) | −0.187 | −0.717 | 0.306 | 0.463 (0.208) | 0.399 | 0.229 | 0.907 | −0.527 (0.192) | −0.617 | −1.054 | −0.384 | |
45–69 | 726 208 097 | −0.072 (0.232) | −0.118 | −0.452 | 0.377 | 0.491 (0.216) | 0.415 | 0.243 | 0.949 | −0.564 (0.121) | −0.569 | −0.810 | −0.390 | |
Over 70 | 147 841 030 | −0.094 (0.135) | −0.094 | −0.324 | 0.147 | 0.317 (0.157) | 0.235 | 0.126 | 0.634 | −0.411 (0.122) | −0.346 | −0.624 | −0.222 | |
Regions | ||||||||||||||
Asia-Pacific high-income | 4 | 132 906 637 | 0.269 (0.139) | 0.032 | −0.219 | 0.415 | 0.699 (0.186) | 0.434 | 0.225 | 0.881 | −0.429 (0.069) | −0.425 | −0.567 | −0.288 |
Asia, Central | 9 | 41 602 522 | −0.337 (0.090) | −0.345 | −0.472 | −0.212 | 0.270 (0.057) | 0.271 | 0.138 | 0.397 | −0.607 (0.111) | −0.637 | −0.768 | −0.397 |
Asia, East | 3 | 886 083 943 | 0.045 (0.082) | 0.036 | −0.098 | 0.264 | 0.463 (0.075) | 0.469 | 0.230 | 0.600 | −0.419 (0.090) | −0.397 | −0.520 | −0.230 |
Asia, South | 6 | 786 147 548 | −0.061 (0.086) | −0.071 | −0.228 | 0.152 | 0.331 (0.062) | 0.311 | 0.145 | 0.494 | −0.392 (0.066) | −0.381 | −0.510 | −0.229 |
Asia, Southeast | 10 | 330 409 422 | 0.313 (0.175) | 0.272 | −0.224 | 0.903 | 0.829 (0.224) | 0.797 | 0.308 | 1.484 | −0.516 (0.090) | −0.511 | −0.660 | −0.294 |
Australasia | 2 | 17 373 961 | −0.033 (0.075) | −0.012 | −0.126 | 0.130 | 0.477 (0.125) | 0.505 | 0.269 | 0.759 | −0.511 (0.098) | −0.516 | −0.639 | −0.289 |
Caribbean | 15 | 20 713 734 | −0.334 (0.236) | −0.165 | −0.688 | 0.121 | 0.337 (0.109) | 0.341 | 0.177 | 0.653 | −0.670 (0.224) | −0.544 | −0.998 | −0.246 |
Europe, Central | 13 | 84 665 495 | −0.223 (0.093) | −0.210 | −0.378 | −0.039 | 0.375 (0.110) | 0.351 | 0.178 | 0.505 | −0.598 (0.115) | −0.556 | −0.735 | −0.302 |
Europe, Eastern | 7 | 146 675 760 | −0.143 (0.073) | −0.227 | −0.367 | −0.091 | 0.448 (0.111) | 0.385 | 0.207 | 0.582 | −0.591 (0.114) | −0.624 | −0.755 | −0.375 |
Europe, Western | 22 | 301 108 836 | −0.021 (0.189) | −0.018 | −0.357 | 0.430 | 0.511 (0.190) | 0.478 | 0.234 | 0.998 | −0.532 (0.113) | −0.527 | −0.725 | −0.283 |
Latin America, Andean | 3 | 26 539 275 | −0.211 (0.149) | −0.234 | −0.431 | −0.054 | 0.366 (0.081) | 0.318 | 0.147 | 0.446 | −0.578 (0.133) | −0.553 | −0.762 | −0.273 |
Latin America, Central | 9 | 117 832 406 | −0.642 (0.224) | −0.466 | −0.892 | −0.159 | 0.306 (0.089) | 0.291 | 0.153 | 0.438 | −0.949 (0.258) | −0.785 | −1.225 | −0.341 |
Latin America, Southern | 3 | 35 797 158 | −0.083 (0.125) | −0.070 | −0.182 | 0.164 | 0.383 (0.139) | 0.339 | 0.169 | 0.651 | −0.466 (0.083) | −0.447 | −0.540 | −0.225 |
Latin America, Tropical | 2 | 114 777 856 | −0.312 (0.038) | −0.316 | −0.379 | −0.183 | 0.259 (0.048) | 0.258 | 0.129 | 0.313 | −0.571 (0.081) | −0.588 | −0.673 | −0.313 |
North Africa and Middle East | 19 | 224 905 818 | −0.0003 (0.159) | −0.090 | −0.206 | 0.048 | 0.482 (0.161) | 0.385 | 0.174 | 0.573 | −0.482 (0.068) | −0.495 | −0.609 | −0.283 |
North America high-income | 2 | 226 423 071 | −0.336 (0.116) | −0.231 | −0.454 | −0.100 | 0.335 (0.062) | 0.341 | 0.191 | 0.406 | −0.670 (0.150) | −0.599 | −0.800 | −0.313 |
Oceania | 9 | 3 884 113 | −0.042 (0.099) | −0.003 | −0.263 | 0.163 | 0.464 (0.103) | 0.498 | 0.232 | 0.767 | −0.506 (0.114) | −0.532 | −0.754 | −0.254 |
Sub-Saharan Africa, Central | 6 | 32 798 304 | −0.081 (0.126) | −0.133 | −0.285 | −0.002 | 0.374 (0.067) | 0.342 | 0.173 | 0.461 | −0.455 (0.106) | −0.470 | −0.621 | −0.247 |
Sub-Saharan Africa, East | 17 | 129 488 615 | −0.085 (0.102) | −0.039 | −0.217 | 0.177 | 0.338 (0.081) | 0.338 | 0.155 | 0.834 | −0.423 (0.102) | −0.397 | −0.783 | −0.200 |
Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern | 6 | 32 698 017 | −0.296 (0.063) | −0.228 | −0.392 | −0.101 | 0.205 (0.037) | 0.229 | 0.118 | 0.324 | −0.501 (0.075) | −0.478 | −0.609 | −0.239 |
Sub-Saharan Africa, West | 19 | 125 140 338 | −0.002 (0.070) | −0.028 | −0.200 | 0.116 | 0.443 (0.108) | 0.436 | 0.194 | 0.650 | −0.445 (0.079) | −0.470 | −0.668 | −0.254 |
Income level | ||||||||||||||
High income | 47 | 755 154 921 | −0.082 (0.259) | −0.087 | −0.397 | 0.386 | 0.477 (0.198) | 0.397 | 0.194 | 0.931 | −0.560 (0.145) | −0.526 | −0.758 | −0.282 |
Upper middle income | 52 | 1 527 356 212 | −0.052 (0.258) | −0.146 | −0.605 | 0.303 | 0.452 (0.189) | 0.364 | 0.164 | 0.865 | −0.504 (0.181) | −0.537 | −0.953 | −0.264 |
Lower middle Income | 51 | 1 212 401 697 | −0.022 (0.183) | −0.115 | −0.456 | 0.262 | 0.430 (0.196) | 0.361 | 0.164 | 0.795 | −0.452 (0.108) | −0.505 | −0.790 | −0.259 |
Low income | 36 | 323 060 000 | 0.038 (0.162) | −0.039 | −0.317 | 0.227 | 0.427 (0.161) | 0.350 | 0.152 | 0.679 | −0.389 (0.096) | −0.424 | −0.633 | −0.225 |
*Means and SDs are weighted by country population.
†The distribution is present using the median, fifth percentile and 95th percentile of the country–age–sex specific IDHI in each geographic/demographic subgroup.
IDHI, International Diet-Health Index.