Background characteristics of maternal and newborn healthcare providers who responded to the survey and optional module
| Survey n=714* (%) | Optional module n=397* (%) | |
| Country income level (World Bank classification) | ||
| Low-income and middle-income countries | 263 (37) | 136 (35) |
| High-income countries | 444 (63) | 256 (65) |
| Region | ||
| East Asia and Pacific | 82 (12) | 51 (13) |
| Europe and Central Asia | 249 (35) | 131 (33) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 43 (6) | 30 (8) |
| Middle East and North Africa | 53 (7) | 29 (7) |
| North America | 87 (12) | 53 (14) |
| South Asia | 83 (12) | 37 (9) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 110 (16) | 61 (16) |
| Cadre | ||
| Midwife | 248 (35) | 135 (34) |
| Nurse-midwife | 83 (12) | 48 (12) |
| Nurse | 22 (3) | 14 (4) |
| Obstetrician/gynaecologist | 269 (38) | 148 (38) |
| Neonatologist | 6 (1) | 3 (1) |
| Paediatrician | 4 (1) | 4 (1) |
| General practitioner | 10 (1) | 5 (1) |
| Medical doctor (no specialisation) | 15 (2) | 10 (3) |
| Medical student/intern/resident | 13 (2) | 6 (2) |
| Community health worker/outreach worker | 12 (2) | 6 (2) |
| Other | 29 (4) | 16 (4) |
| Position | ||
| Head of facility | 60 (9) | 34 (9) |
| Head of department or ward | 71 (10) | 41 (11) |
| Head of team | 94 (13) | 54 (14) |
| Team member | 346 (50) | 195 (50) |
| Locum or interim member | 22 (3) | 10 (3) |
| Other† | 101 (15) | 53 (13) |
| Type of care provided (multiple responses allowed) | ||
| Outpatient ANC | 438 (61) | 244 (62) |
| Home-based childbirth care | 77 (11) | 47 (12) |
| Outpatient PNC | 316 (44) | 176 (45) |
| Outpatient breastfeeding support | 217 (30) | 121 (31) |
| Inpatient ANC | 374 (52) | 218 (56) |
| Inpatient childbirth care | 437 (61) | 249 (64) |
| Inpatient PNC | 350 (49) | 193 (50) |
| Surgical care | 213 (30) | 115 (29) |
| Neonatal care (small and sick newborns) | 85 (12) | 47 (12) |
| Home visits | 131 (18) | 78 (20) |
| Community outreach | 105 (15) | 69 (18) |
| Abortion care | 157 (22) | 86 (22) |
| Postabortion care | 179 (25) | 104 (27) |
| Other | 84 (12) | 42 (11) |
| Health facility level | ||
| Referral hospital | 250 (36) | 144 (37) |
| District/regional hospital | 154 (22) | 77 (20) |
| Health centre | 76 (11) | 46 (12) |
| Polyclinic | 6 (1) | 6 (2) |
| Clinic | 66 (10) | 36 (9) |
| Health post/unit or dispensary | 16 (2) | 9 (2) |
| Other‡ | 116 (17) | 68 (18) |
| Health facility sector | ||
| Public (national) | 183 (27) | 86 (22) |
| Public (university or teaching) | 138 (20) | 81 (21) |
| Public (district level or below) | 80 (12) | 61 (16) |
| Social security | 7 (1) | 3 (1) |
| Health insurance or HMO | 10 (2) | 7 (2) |
| Private university | 25 (4) | 10 (3) |
| Private for profit | 95 (14) | 57 (15) |
| Non-governmental | 61 (9) | 29 (8) |
| Faith-based or mission | 23 (3) | 15 (4) |
| Other | 56 (8) | 34 (9) |
| Type of area | ||
| Large city (more than 1 million inhabitants) | 273 (40) | 151 (39) |
| Small city (100 000 to 1 million inhabitants) | 220 (32) | 125 (32) |
| Town (fewer than 100 000 inhabitants) | 106 (16) | 61 (16) |
| Village/rural area | 64 (9) | 38 (10) |
| Refugee/displaced persons camp | 8 (1) | 2 (1) |
| Other | 9 (1) | 9 (2) |
| Facility characteristics | ||
| Caesarean section provision | 535 (81) | 301 (81) |
| Accept referrals from other facilities | 476 (71) | 269 (71) |
| ICU available | 429 (64) | 236 (62) |
| NICU available | 398 (59) | 226 (59) |
*Differential number of missing values across variables.
†Mainly self-practising midwives.
‡Mainly birth centres and private practice.
ANC, antenatal care; HMO, Health maintenance organisation; ICU, intensive care unit; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit; PNC, postnatal care.