Table 1

ANC areas for measurement by monitoring domain based on ANC recommendations

Monitoring domain	Topic for measurement	Link to conceptual framework	WHO ANC recommendation (2016a)	Measure status
Monitoring domain	Topic for measurement	Link to conceptual framework	WHO ANC recommendation (2016a)	Exists	Does not exist
Inputs	Policy on task shifting for ANC (counselling and provision of selected interventions)	Health system	E.5.1 and E.5.2		X
Inputs	Health worker density and distribution*	Health system	E.6	X
Process	Health units with at least one service provider trained to care for and refer sexual and gender-based violence survivors*	Health system	B.1.3	X
	Pregnant women carrying their own case notes	Health system	E.1	X
	Facilitated participatory learning and action cycles with women’s groups to improve maternal and newborn health*	Health system	E.4.1		X
	Intervention packages that include interpersonal communication and community mobilisation*	Health system	E.4.2		X
Outputs	Availability of balanced energy and protein dietary supplementation	Content of care	A.1.3		X
	On-site haemoglobin testing for anaemia*	Content of care	B.1.1		X
	On-site testing for asymptomatic bacteriuria*	Content of care	B.1.2		X
	Service-specific availability and readiness: midwife-led continuity of care*	Health system	E.2		X
	Service-specific availability and readiness: group ANC†	Health system	E.3		X
	ANC contacts (eight or more)	Health system	E.7	X
	Timing of first ANC contact	Health system	E.7	X
	Counselling on diet and exercise in pregnancy*	Content of care	A.1.1		X
Outcomes	Iron and folic acid supplementation*	Content of care	A.2.1 and A.2.2	X
	Calcium supplementation*	Content of care	A.3		X
	Vitamin A supplementation coverage*	Content of care	A.4		X
	Zinc supplementation†	Content of care	A.5		X
	Caffeine intake information	Content of care	A.10		X
	Classification of hyperglycaemia	Content of care	B.1.4		X
	Assessment for tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure	Content of care	B.1.5	X
	Assessment for use of alcohol and other substances	Content of care	B.1.6		X
	Pregnant women counselled and tested for HIV and know their results	Content of care	B.1.7	X
	Screening for syphilis	Content of care	B.1.7	X
	Testing for tuberculosis*	Content of care	B.1.8		X
	Daily foetal movement counting†	Content of care	B.2.1	X
	Symphysis–fundal height measurement*	Content of care	B.2.2		X
	Ultrasound scan before 24 weeks	Content of care	B.2.4		X
	Treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria	Content of care	C.1		X
	Prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infections†	Content of care	C.2	X
	Prophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin in non-sensitised Rhesus-negative pregnant women†	Content of care	C.3		X
	Treatment for helminths*	Content of care	C.4	X
	Intermittent preventive treatment for malaria *	Content of care	C.6	X
	Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection*	Content of care	C.7	X
	Information and treatment for common physiological symptoms (eg, leg cramps, constipation and nausea)	Experience of care	D.1–D.6		X
	Counselling on birth preparedness and complication readiness	Content of care	Good clinical practice	X
	Counselling on postpartum family planning	Content of care	Good clinical practice	X
	Monitoring of foetal heart rate	Content of care	Good clinical practice		X
	Monitoring of blood pressure	Content of care	Good clinical practice	X
Impact	Newborns protected at birth from tetanus	Content of care	C.5	X

The monitoring domains for indicators that do not yet exist could change, depending on the types of indicators developed for specific recommendations.
*Measure is context-specific.
†Measure is for recommendations in the context of research.
ANC, antenatal care.