Factors which facilitate exclusion in social insurance
| Requirements | Implications | Country |
| A legally binding, long-term employment contract | Informal workers are more likely to have a short-term contract or no contract at all. | China,62 Vietnam63 64; Sao Tome and Principe,65 South Africa27; Thailand66 |
| Contributions towards social insurance must be made consistently, over a minimum time period (eg, 3+months) | Informal labour involves short term and sporadic work which generates an inconsistent level of income. | Bosnia and Herzegovina67; Thailand,66 Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Morocco25; |
| Legally binding obligations only required from (or monitored in) formal sector industries. | Informal workers are not offered a chance to participate in social insurance by their employers if there is no legal incentive to do so. | India,68 Vietnam,63 China,62 Thailand,66 Colombia69 |