Mechanism | Type | Key innovation | Strength | Weakness |
Unitaid | Voluntary Solidarity Levy | Microlevy | Does not reduce consumer demand, can also be applied to externalities | Levy requires high quantity of sales on consistent and predictable goods |
Product(RED) | Voluntary Contribution | Contributions on retail goods | Unlocks funding from purchases on goods with low elasticity | Consumer dependent |
GAVI | Performance-Based Instruments | Advanced Market Commitment | Increases supply of health products in which there is little market incentive for manufacturers to produce | Manufacturer dependent |
IFFIm and CIFF | Bonds (IFFIm) and Securities (CIFF) | ‘Vaccine’ Bonds (IFFIm), private investment funding model adapted to include social value based on health (CIFF) | Ability to: increase purchasing of specific health products (bonds) and; use capital markets to address unmet societal needs for shared value (securities) | Resistance to shared value in global finance |
Source: original
CIFF, Children’s Investment Fund Foundation; IFFIm, International Finance Facility for Immunisation.