Table 5

Estimated average and heterogeneous P4P effect

	Model 1			Model 2
	Coefficient	95% CI	P value	Coefficient	95% CI	P value
Average effect
P4P×Year 2013	−0.024	−0.058 to 0.010	0.175	0.044	−0.039 to 0.125	0.307
Year 2012	0.004	−0.019 to 0.029	0.741	0.013	−0.050 to 0.075	0.680
Heterogeneous effects
Urban health facility
P4P×Year 2013×urban	−0.002	−0.062 to 0.057	0.938	0.100	−0.165 to 0.386	0.469
P4P×Year 2013	−0.023	−0.059 to 0.013	0.201	0.039	−0.049 to 0.128	0.375
Urban	0.160	0.015 to 0.301	0.027	−0.328	−0.809 to −0.129	0.063
Year 2013	0.004	−0.020 to 0.028	0.732	0.013	−0.049 to 0.074	0.681
Public health facility
P4P×Year 2013×public	0.060	−0.013 to 0.126	0.088	0.001	−0.174 to 0.170	0.987
P4P×Year 2013	−0.076	−0.140 to −0.003	0.028	0.043	−0.121 to 0.211	0.614
Public	0.479	0.289 to 0.650	0.000	0.267	0.075 to 0.789	0.174
Year 2013	0.004	−0.018 to 0.029	0.737	0.013	−0.046 to 0.074	0.673
Dispensary
P4P×Year 2013×dispensary	−0.022	−0.072 to 0.032	0.427
P4P×Year 2013	−0.009	−0.059 to 0.040	0.722
Dispensary	−0.147	−0.288 to −0.001	0.044
Year 2013	0.004	−0.019 to 0.027	0.739
Low socioeconomic status
P4P×Year 2013×low SES	0.013	−0.035 to 0.062	0.595	0.080	−0.034 to 0.199	0.176
P4P×Year 2013	−0.032	−0.079 to 0.018	0.180	0.009	−0.084 to 0.104	0.852
Low SES	−0.159	−0.300 to −0.021	0.024	−0.457	−0.867 to −0.248	0.009
Year 2013	0.004	−0.020 to 0.028	0.741	0.013	−0.051 to 0.075	0.672
Observation (n)	294			80

Model 1 include all facilities over time and include four inputs and one output (outpatient visits); model 2 excluded dispensaries over time and include five inputs and multiple outputs (outpatient visits and deliveries); all regressions include facility fixed effects.
P4P, pay-for-performance; SES, socioeconomic status.