Table 1

Types of medical-grade facial protection

Mask typesFunction
N95 respirator A respiratory protective device designed to achieve a close facial fit and efficient filtration of airborne particles, requires fit testing to be fully effective. 67
  • Prevents inhalation of 95% of 0.3 µm particles.

  • Reduces person-to-person transfer of respiratory droplets.

  • Blocks blood and bodily fluids from reaching the wearer’s mouth and nose.

  • Prevents inhalation of droplets and larger particles.

  • Filtration of all air reaching the mouth and nose is required for particles ≥5 µm.

  • Surgical N95 respirators are used in healthcare settings and are a subset of N95 filtering facepiece respirators.

Surgical mask A loose-fitting, disposable device that creates a physical barrier between the mouth and nose of the wearer and potential contaminants in the immediate environment. 35
  • Reduces person-to-person transfer of respiratory droplets.

  • Blocks blood and bodily fluids from reaching the wearer’s mouth and nose.

  • Prevents inhalation of droplets and larger particles.

  • Filtration of all air reaching the mouth and nose is required for particles ≥5 µm.

Face shield A face shield provides barrier protection to the facial area and related mucous membranes (eyes, nose, lips).19
  • Current Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) guidelines explicitly recommend wearing a face shield or goggles during all patient care for certain illnesses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and avian influenza.68