Primary and secondary outcomes at each time point by intervention group
| ES only % (n/N) | HIV only % (n/N) | HIV+ES % (n/N) | Control % (n/N) | Total sample % (n/N) | |
| Positive for any STI | |||||
| Baseline | 10.1 (44/434) | 7.0 (30/429) | 6.4 (28/435) | 8.7 (38/438) | 8.1 (140/1736) |
| Endline 1 | 12.3 (47/381) | 11.4 (45/396) | 6.3 (24/378) | 10.9 (43/396) | 10.3 (159/1551) |
| Endline 2 | 11.8 (45/381) | 9.7 (37/380) | 10.3 (38/369) | 12.2 (48/393) | 11.0 (168/1523) |
| Positive for gonorrhoea | |||||
| Baseline | 1.6 (7/434) | 0.7 (3/429) | 1.4 (6/435) | 1.6 (7/438) | 1.3 (23/1736) |
| Endline 1 | 3.4 (13/381) | 1.0 (4/396) | 2.4 (9/378) | 2.0 (8/396) | 2.2 (34/1551) |
| Endline 2 | 2.4 (9/381) | 1.8 (7/380) | 1.6 (6/369) | 1.3 (5/393) | 1.8 (27/1523) |
| Positive for chlamydia | |||||
| Baseline | 7.4 (32/434) | 5.8 (25/429) | 3.4 (15/435) | 6.8 (30/438) | 5.9 (102/1736) |
| Endline 1 | 10.0 (38/381) | 10.4 (41/396) | 4.5 (17/378) | 8.3 (33/396) | 8.3 (129/1551) |
| Endline 2 | 9.7 (37/382) | 7.4 (28/380) | 8.7 (32/369) | 10.2 (40/393) | 9.0 (134/1524) |
| Positive for trichomoniasis | |||||
| Baseline | 1.8 (8/434) | 1.6 (7/429) | 1.8 (8/435) | 1.1 (5/438) | 1.6 (28/1736) |
| Endline 1 | 2.6 (10/381) | 1.0 (4/396) | 0.3 (1/378) | 2.3 (9/396) | 1.5 (24/1551) |
| Endline 2 | 1.0 (4/382) | 1.6 (6/380) | 1.1 (4/369) | 4.1 (16/393) | 2.0 (30/1524) |
| Positive for pregnancy (girls only) | |||||
| Baseline | 3.2 (8/251) | 1.6 (4/252) | 1.6 (4/244) | 2.9 (7/240) | 2.3 (23/987) |
| Endline 1 | 7.1 (16/225) | 3.0 (7/233) | 4.1 (9/218) | 4.0 (9/225) | 4.6 (41/901) |
| Endline 2 | 8.9 (20/224) | 4.9 (11/224) | 3.3 (7/214) | 5.0 (11/219) | 5.6 (49/881) |
| Adolescents engaging in protective sexual behaviour in past 6 months | |||||
| Baseline | 91.9 (399/434) | 88.3 (392/444) | 90.0 (397/441) | 89.2 (398/446) | 89.9 (1586/1765) |
| Endline 1 | 84.9 (320/377) | 86.4 (337/390) | 87.0 (329/378) | 88.2 (351/398) | 86.6 (1337/1543) |
| Endline 2 | 78.3 (300/383) | 78.7 (299/380) | 83.7 (309/369) | 82.0 (323/394) | 80.7 (1231/1526) |
| Adolescents engaging in transactional sex in past 6 months | |||||
| Baseline | 9.4 (41/435) | 9.2 (41/444) | 9.5 (42/441) | 11.9 (53/447) | 10.0 (177/1767) |
| Endline 1 | 9.6 (36/376) | 9.0 (35/389) | 10.1 (38/378) | 9.3 (37/398) | 9.5 (146/1541) |
| Endline 2 | 13.6 (52/382) | 13.7 (52/380) | 12.7 (47/369) | 11.9 (47/394) | 13.0 (198/1525) |
| Two or more sexual partners in past 6 months | |||||
| Baseline | 11.5 (50/436) | 10.6 (47/444) | 11.8 (52/440) | 15.2 (68/446) | 12.3 (217/1766) |
| Endline 1 | 17.0 (64/377) | 16.2 (63/390) | 18.8 (71/378) | 18.1 (72/398) | 17.5 (270/1543) |
| Endline 2 | 21.7 (83/383) | 22.6 (86/380) | 24.1 (89/369) | 21.6 (85/394) | 22.5 (343/1526) |
| HIV/condom knowledge: percentage correct, mean (SD) total | |||||
| Baseline | 73.8 (10.9) 437 | 74.2 (11.6) 444 | 73.6 (12.4) 444 | 72.2 (12.7) 448 | 73.5 (11.9) 1773 |
| Endline 1 | 73.8 (15.4) 383 | 75.2 (15.6) 396 | 75.8 (14.1) 379 | 73.3 (15.1) 401 | 74.5 (15.1) 1559 |
| Endline 2 | 75.6 (13.2) 383 | 76.3 (13.9) 380 | 75.9 (13.5) 369 | 74.9 (13.6) 394 | 75.7 (13.5) 1526 |
| HIV/condom knowledge: Rasch score, mean (SD) total | |||||
| Baseline | 1.5 (0.9) 437 | 1.6 (0.9) 444 | 1.5 (1.0) 444 | 1.4 (1.0) 448 | 1.5 (0.9) 1773 |
| Endline 1 | 1.6 (1.2) 383 | 1.7 (1.2) 396 | 1.8 (1.2) 379 | 1.5 (1.2) 401 | 1.6 (1.2) 1559 |
| Endline 2 | 1.7 (1.1) 383 | 1.8 (1.2) 380 | 1.8 (1.1) 369 | 1.7 (1.1) 394 | 1.7 (1.1) 1526 |
| Financial knowledge: percentage correct, mean (SD) total | |||||
| Baseline | 51.4 (11.4) 437 | 52.0 (12.0) 444 | 50.8 (11.8) 444 | 49.9 (11.7) 448 | 51.0 (11.8) 1773 |
| Endline 1 | 51.3 (14.7) 383 | 52.2 (14.4) 396 | 53.2 (14.0) 379 | 51.3 (13.3) 401 | 52.0 (14.1) 1559 |
| Endline 2 | 53.0 (14.8) 383 | 54.7 (13.4) 380 | 54.8 (13.7) 369 | 52.4 (12.9) 394 | 53.7 (13.8) 1526 |
| Financial knowledge: Rasch score, mean (SD) total | |||||
| Baseline | 0.1 (0.6) 437 | 0.1 (0.7) 444 | 0.1 (0.7) 444 | 0.0 (0.7) 448 | 0.1 (0.7) 1773 |
| Endline 1 | 0.1 (1.0) 383 | 0.1 (1.0) 396 | 0.2 (0.9) 379 | 0.1 (0.9) 401 | 0.1 (0.9) 1559 |
| Endline 2 | 0.2 (0.9) 383 | 0.3 (0.8) 380 | 0.3 (0.8) 369 | 0.2 (0.8) 394 | 0.2 (0.9) 1526 |
| Participated in savings group | |||||
| Baseline | 28.6 (125/437) | 27.3 (121/444) | 29.2 (129/442) | 25.4 (113/445) | 27.6 (488/1768) |
| Endline 1 | 37.8 (141/373) | 26.2 (102/389) | 34.1 (126/370) | 27.2 (107/394) | 31.2 (476/1526) |
| Endline 2 | 31.6 (119/377) | 27.0 (102/378) | 30.8 (112/364) | 25.9 (101/390) | 28.8 (434/1509) |
| Opened a bank savings account past year | |||||
| Baseline | 12.8 (56/437) | 15.8 (70/444) | 13.3 (59/442) | 13.6 (61/447) | 13.9 (246/1770) |
| Endline 1 | 15.3 (57/372) | 15.7 (61/389) | 17.6 (65/369) | 17.5 (69/395) | 16.5 (252/1525) |
| Endline 2 | 15.9 (60/377) | 19.8 (75/378) | 18.5 (68/367) | 19.5 (76/390) | 18.5 (279/1512) |
| Net change in savings in past year (ZAR), mean (SD) total | |||||
| Baseline | 390 (1021) 436 | 442 (1266) 444 | 413 (1149) 439 | 347 (971) 445 | 398 (1108) 1764 |
| Endline 1 | 481 (1081) 372 | 387 (875) 387 | 450 (1017) 370 | 387 (931) 393 | 426 (977) 1522 |
| Endline 2 | 429 (1033) 378 | 390 (979) 378 | 441 (1068) 365 | 376 (954) 390 | 408 (1008) 1511 |
| Plan to use savings for education expenses | |||||
| Baseline | 17.2 (75/435) | 17.1 (76/444) | 21.8 (96/441) | 18.4 (82/446) | 18.6 (329/1766) |
| Endline 1 | 24.2 (90/372) | 14.7 (57/389) | 23.8 (88/369) | 14.2 (56/393) | 19.1 (291/1523) |
| Endline 2 | 19.7 (74/375) | 13.2 (50/378) | 20.8 (76/366) | 11.8 (46/389) | 16.3 (246/1508) |
| Caregiver provided most money for savings past year | |||||
| Baseline | 32.6 (142/436) | 30.0 (133/443) | 34.2 (151/441) | 28.4 (127/447) | 31.3 (553/1767) |
| Endline 1 | 33.6 (125/372) | 30.7 (119/387) | 34.9 (128/367) | 28.2 (111/393) | 31.8 (483/1519) |
| Endline 2 | 36.4 (137/376) | 26.1 (98/376) | 33.3 (121/363) | 26.0 (101/389) | 30.4 (457/1504) |
| Participation in household budgeting | |||||
| Baseline | 45.0 (196/436) | 44.6 (198/444) | 45.9 (203/442) | 41.7 (184/441) | 44.3 (781/1763) |
| Endline 1 | 46.0 (171/372) | 45.5 (177/389) | 45.2 (166/367) | 45.8 (178/389) | 45.6 (692/1517) |
| Endline 2 | 45.5 (171/376) | 43.7 (165/378) | 49.2 (180/366) | 45.4 (176/388) | 45.9 (692/1508) |
ES, economic strengthening; SD, standard deviation; STI, sexually transmitted infection.