Table 5

Multivariable associations between multimorbidity category and frailty, disability, quality of life and measurements of physical perfomances after adjusting for number of conditions

Outcome
VariableGroupFrail or unableWho DASQuality of lifeTime to chair riseWalk speedGrip strength
OR
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P value
 Sex FemaleReferent–14.47
(10.81 to 14.39)		–54.84
(53.37 to 56.33)		–15.19
(14.70 to 15.71)		–0.94
(0.91 to 0.96)		–32.42
(31.56 to 33.27)		–
 Male1.10
(0.86 to 1.42)		0.4519.91
(8.55 to 11.47)		<0.00156.72
(55.21 to 58.22)		0.00113.43
(12.98 to 13.90)		<0.0011.05
(1.03 to 1.08)		<0.00144.74
(42.88 to 45.60)		<0.001
 Age 1.08
(1.07 to 1.09)		<0.0010.039*
0.002		<0.001−0.312*
0.025		<0.0010.009*
0.001		<0.001−0.007*
0.001		<0.001−0.417*
0.015		<0.001
 Educational level completed Some educationReferent–9.18
(7.37 to 11.44)		–56.59
(54.45 to 58.72)		–13.67
(13.04 to 14.34)		–1.03
(1.00 to 1.07)		–39.73
(38.51 to 40.95)		–
 No education0.94
(0.59 to 1.53)		0.81413.45
(12.14 to 14.91)		<0.00154.98
(53.85 to 56.11)		0.11314.93
(14.54 to 15.32)		<0.0010.96
(0.94 to 0.98)		<0.00137.43
(36.77 to 38.08)		<0.001
 Marital statusMarried or cohabitingReferent–10.34
(9.00 to 11.88)		–56.48
(55.06 to 57.90)		–14.03
(13.59 to 14.48)		–1.01
(0.98 to 1.03)		–38.93
(38.12 to 39.75)		–
Widowed, divorced, single1.19
(0.91 to 1.57)		0.20411.95
(10.21 to 13.97)		0.01955.09
(53.43 to 56.75)		0.04314.55
(14.01 to 15.10)		0.0190.98
(0.95 to 1.01)		0.01838.22
(37.27 to 39.18)		0.071
Wealth (quintiles) 5Referent–11.3
(9.68 to 13.19)		–60.75
(69.15 to 62.36)		–14.63
(14.11 to 15.17)		–1.00
(0.97 to 1.02)		–40.70
(39.77 to 41.62)		–
  40.85
(0.60 to 1.21)		0.35710.67
(9.02 to 12.62)		0.45258.07
(56.35 to 59.79)		0.00114.12
(13.59 to 14.68)		0.0441.03
(1.00 to 1.06)		0.0139.05
(38.06 to 40.04)		0.001
  30.61
(0.41 to 0.89)		0.01111.29
(9.52 to 13.39)		0.99055.31
(53.54 to 57.07)		<0.00114.01
(13.37 to 14.57)		0.0151
(0.97 to 1.03)		0.97938.51
(37.50 to 39.52)		<0.001
  21.04
(0.73 to 1.47)		0.84611.25
(9.51 to 13.32)		0.95754.89
(53.15 to 56.62)		<0.00114.4
(13.85 to 14.96)		0.3660.99
(0.96 to 1.02)		0.62337.96
(36.96 to 38.95)		<0.001
  11.20
(0.86 to 1.67)		0.23411.08
(9.38 to 13.07)		0.79549.91
(48.17 to 51.65)		<0.00114.18
(13.73 to 14.85)		0.1850.96
(0.93 to 0.99)		0.01436.68
(35.67 to 37.68)		<0.001
 No of conditions –1.52
(1.27 to 1.83)		<0.001<0.001<0.0010.5850.0010.885
Multimorbidity categoryNo multimorbidityReferent–9.75
(8.69 to 10.94)		–56.64
(55.52 to 57.78)		14.15
(13.80 to 14.51)		–0.99
(0.97 to 1.00)		–38.85
(38.21 to 39.49)
  Concordant0.73
(0.47 to 1.14)		0.17711.67
(9.66 to 14.08)		0.07555.91
(53.87 to 57.94)		0.50914.46
(13.82 to 15.14)		0.3841
(0.96 to 1.03)		0.52638.89
(37.72 to 40.06)		0.257
  Discordant0.99
(0.60 to 0.63)		0.97012.07
(9.72 to 15.00)		0.06654.80
(52.40 to 57.20)		0.15914.24
(13.48 to 15.05)		0.8281
(0.96 to 1.04)		0.45837.99
(36.61 to 39.38)		0.946

  • *Beta values with SEs.

  • DAS, Disability Assessment Schedule; EM, estimated marginal mean.