Table 4

Multivariable association of multimorbidity (≥2 conditions) and frailty, disability, quality of life and measurements of physical perfomances

VariableGroupFrailty or unableWho DASQuality of lifeTime to chair riseWalk speedHand grip strength
OR
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P valueEM
(95% CI)		P value
SexFemaleReferent–13.71
(12.21 to 15.39)		–53.97
(52.80 to 55.14)		–15.22
(14.83 to 15.61)		–0.92
(0.90 to 0.94)		–32.53
(31.87 to 33.20)		–
Male1.06
(0.83 to 1.36)		0.65510.76
(9.53 to 12.16)		<0.00155.96
(54.75 to 57.16)		<0.00113.45
(13.10 to 13.82)		<0.0011.04
(1.02 to 1.06)		<0.00144.86
(44.18 to 45.55)		<0.001
Age1.08
(1.07 to 1.09)		<0.0010.040*
0.002		<0.001−0.325*
0.025		<0.0010.009*
0.001		<0.001−0.008*
0.001		<0.001−0.012*
0.001		<0.001
Educational level completedSome educationReferent–10.11
(13.68 to 15.55)		–55.74
(53.81 to 57.66)		–13.7
(13.13 to 14.29)		–1.02
(0.98 to 1.05)		–39.87
(38.78 to 40.97)
No education0.94
(0.59 to 1.52)		0.80814.59
(13.68 to 15.55)		0.00154.18
53.48 to 54.90)		0.12714.94
(14.70 to 15.18)		<0.0010.94
(0.93 to 0.95)		<0.00137.52
(37.11 to 37.93)		<0.001
Marital statusMarried or cohabitingReferent–11.31
(10.12 to 12.63)		–55.69
(54.60 to 56.78)		–14.05
(13.72 to 14.39)		–0.99
(0.97 to 1.01)		–39.06
(38.43 to 39.68)		–
Widowed, divorced, single1.19
(0.91 to 1.56)		0.38513.05
(11.41 to 14.92)		0.01954.24
(52.84 to 55.63)		0.03514.57
(14.12 to 15.03)		0.0190.96
(0.94 to 0.99)		0.01638.34
(37.54 to 39.13)		0.067
Wealth (quintiles)5Referent–12.53
(11.05 to 14.21)		–59.82
(58.54 to 61.10)		–14.67
(14.26 to 15.10)		–0.98
(0.95 to 1.00)		–40.85
(40.12 to 41.58)		–
40.83
(0.58 to 1.17)		0.55711.66
(10.08 to 13.49)		0.34657.24
(55.77 to 58.70)		0.00114.14
(13.69 to 14.61)		0.0371.01
(0.99 to 1.04)		0.00639.17
(38.34 to 40.01)		<0.001
30.59
(0.40 to 0.86)		0.04212.28
(10.57 to 14.27)		0.79454.51
(52.99 to 56.04)		<0.00114.03
(13.57 to 14.50)		0.0120.98
(0.95 to 1.01)		0.82438.62
(37.76 to 39.49)		<0.001
20.97
(0.69 to 1.38)		0.8112.18
(10.50 to 14.13)		0.71354.18
(52.68 to 55.69)		<0.00114.41
(13.94 to 14.90)		0.3220.97
(0.95 to 1.00)		0.85138.07
(37.21 to 38.93)		<0.001
11.19
(0.86 to 1.65)		0.21212.09
(10.46 to 13.98)		0.64549.06
(47.56 to 50.55)		<0.00114/29
(13.82 to 14.78)		0.1560.94
(0.92 to 0.97)		0.02336.76
(35.91 to 37.62)		<0.001
Multimorbidity category defined as more than two conditionsNoReferent–9.06
(8.10 to 10.13)		–57.41
(56.34 to 58.49)		–14.12
(13.80 to 14.46)		–0.99
(0.98 to 1.01)		–38.85
(38.24 to 39.46)		–
Yes1.98
(1.57 to 2.50)		<0.00116.28
(14.34 to 18.49)		0.00152.51
(51.16 to 53.86)		<0.00114.49
(14.06 to 14.94)		0.0690.96
(0.93 to 0.98)		0.00138.54
(37.77 to 39.31)		0.385

  • *Beta values with SEs.

  • DAS, Disability Assessment Schedule; EM, estimated marginal mean.