Factors associated with the use of antibiotics for prevention of disease in the past 12 months from the farmer survey
| Characteristics | Categories | Number of farms with data available | Use of antibiotic for prevention (%) | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
| Farmer’s highest level of education | Primary school | 37 | 17 (46.0) | rv | |
| Secondary school and higher | 47 | 30 (63.8) | 2.28 (0.92–5.65) | 0.10 | |
| Farmer’s experience | ≤10 years | 37 | 16 (43.3) | rv | |
| >10 years | 47 | 31 (66.0) | 2.82 (1.01–8.08) | 0.04* | |
| Farmer’s knowledge a | Score<60% | 29 | 14 (48.3) | rv | |
| Score≥60% | 52 | 32 (61.5) | 1.86 (0.72–4.75) | 0.19 | |
| Size of farm | Smallholder farm | 26 | 11 (42.3) | rv | |
| Commercial farm | 58 | 36 (62.1) | 2.54 (0.96–6.71) | 0.05 | |
| Type of farm | Farrowing to finisher farm | 54 | 37 (68.5) | rv | |
| Fattening | 30 | 10 (33.3) | 0.33 (0.12–0.87) | 0.02* | |
| GAP certified farm | No | 53 | 26 (49.1) | rv | |
| Yes | 31 | 21 (67.7) | 2.54 (0.96–6.71) | 0.05 | |
| Member of cooperative farm | No | 67 | 33 (49.3) | rv | |
| Yes | 17 | 14 (82.4) | 7.73 (1.49–40.01) | 0.01* | |
| Contracted farm | No | 76 | 42 (55.3) | rv | |
| Yes | 8 | 5 (62.5) | 1.28 (0.28–5.80) | 0.75 | |
| Household income per month | Less than BHT 50,000 | 47 | 21 (44.7) | rv | |
| More than BHT 50,000 | 23 | 18 (78.3) | 4.46 (1.32–15.05) | 0.01* | |
| Advice on animal health | Not receiving advice | 16 | 5 (31.3) | rv | |
| Receiving advice | 68 | 42 (61.8) | 3.78 (1.12–12.73) | 0.02* |
*Statistically significant at p<0.05.
†Knowledge: five true/false statements in relation to the use of antibiotics and AMR, taken from the AMR module in the 2017 National Health Welfare survey form.
AMR, antimicrobial resistance; GAP, Good Agriculture Practice; rv, reference value.